Jehol
English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French Geho-eul, from Mandarin 熱河兒／热河儿 (Rèhér), from 熱河／热河 (Rèhé, “Chengde, Rehe, Hot Creek”) + 兒／儿 (ér, noun marker).
Proper noun edit
Jehol
- (historical) Former name of Chengde.
- 1910, J. O. P. Bland, E. Blackhouse, China Under the Empress Dowager[1], J. B. Lippincott Company, page 30:
- It was originally intended that the Emperor Hsien-Feng should return from Jehol to Peking in the spring of 1861, and a Decree was issued to that effect. In January, however, his illness had become so serious that travelling was out of the question, and this Decree was rescinded.
At Jehol, removed from the direct influence of his brothers, and enfeebled by sickness, the Emperor had gradually fallen under the domination of the Prince Yi (Tsai Yüan) with whom were associated, as Grand Councillors, the Prince Tuan Hua and the Imperial Clansman Su Shun.
- 1972, Wilma Fairbank, “Introduction”, in Adventures in Retrieval: Han murals and Shang Bronze Molds[2], Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 7:
- From time to time we took trips farther afield, packing our bedding rolls and provisions, to see the Great Wall, the famous Buddhist cave sculptures at Yün Kang and Lung Men, early temples along the Fen River valley of Shansi, and the Tibetan-style architecture at Ch’eng-te in Jehol.
- 1992, Sterling Seagrave, Dragon Lady: The Life and Legend of the Last Empress of China[3], Papermac, published 1993, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 59–60:
- Jehol was first developed by Emperor Kang Hsi in 1677 as a military base from which to dominate Mongol lands to the northwest. His grandson, the extravagant Emperor Chien Lung, greatly enlarged the retreat into an imperial playground five miles in circumference, with fanciful palaces set in pine-forested hills around a lake. By 1790 he had added thirty-six new buildings, including theaters for Peking opera. Chien Lung spent half of each year amusing himself in Jehol, and it was there that he received the first British envoy to China, Lord MacCartney, in 1793.
- (historical) A former Chinese province around Chengde.
- 1938, Robert Berkov, Strong Man of China: The Story of Chiang Kai-shek[4], Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, page 157:
- A widespread conflict was soon in full swing, but it became apparent that the real Japanese objective was the remote province of Jehol, which, although never considered an actual part of Manchuria, would make a convenient extension of the territory which the Japanese were preparing to set up as a new state.
- 1963, A. Doak Barnett, China on the Eve of Communist Takeover[5], Frederick A. Praeger, page 28:
- The critical state of military affairs has increased the importance of Peiping as the government’s headquarters in north China. Not long ago, General Fu Tso-yi was appointed Commander of a new North China Communist Suppression Headquarters, with its center here, to direct and control all military operations in the provinces of Jehol, Chahar, Suiyuan, Hopeh, and part of Shansi.
- 1992, Stephen S. Large, Emperor Hirohito and Shōwa Japan: A Political Biography[6], Routledge, page 51:
- Aware that the army was preparing to invade Jehol, in November 1932 the Emperor asked General Koiso Kuniaki, chief of staff of the Kwantung Army, about the military’s intentions in Jehol and expressed his anxiety that any planned operations there would worsen Japan’s isolated position in the League of Nations (Nara 1990b: 346). His opposition to a Jehol campaign was shared by Prime Minister Saito, who, on 5 January 1933, suggested that the Emperor issue an imperial rescript commanding the Kwantung Army not to penetrate Jehol.
- Synonym of Yin Mountains.
- Synonym of Rehe, a river near Chengde.