Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/īsą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈiː.sɑ̃/

Noun

*īsą n

ice
(Runic alphabet) name of the rune ᛁ (i)

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *īsą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*īsą	*īsō
vocative	*īsą	*īsō
accusative	*īsą	*īsō
genitive	īsas, īsis	*īsǫ̂
dative	*īsai	*īsamaz
instrumental	*īsō	*īsamiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *īs
- Old English: īs, ys, ᛁᛋ (is) — Near Fakenham plaque
  - Middle English: is, ise, yes, yce, yys, ys, ijs, yse, ysz, hyse, hyys, ice, isse, ysse, yis
    - English: ice (see there for further descendants)
    - Scots: ice
- Old Frisian: īs
  - North Frisian: Iis, Is, is
  - Saterland Frisian: Ies
  - West Frisian: iis
- Old Saxon: īs
  - Middle Low German: îs
    - Low German:
      - German Low German: Ies
        Plautdietsch: Iess
- Old Dutch: *īs
  - Middle Dutch: ijs
    - Dutch: ijs
      - Afrikaans: ys
      - Petjo: es
      - → Caribbean Javanese: ès
      - → Indonesian: es
      - → Papiamentu: eis
      - → Sranan Tongo: èisi, hèisi
        → Aukan: eisi
        → Saramaccan: eísí
    - Limburgish: ies
- Old High German: īs
  - Middle High German: īs
    - Alemannic German: Iis, Is, Isch
      Alsatian: Iis; Eis (northern)
      Italian Walser: isch, éisch
    - Bavarian: ais
      Cimbrian: ais
      Mòcheno: ais
    - Central Franconian: Eis, Ies
      Hunsrik: Eis
      Luxembourgish: Äis
      Transylvanian Saxon: Ais
    - German: Eis
    - Rhine Franconian:
      Frankfurt: [ais]
      Pennsylvania German: Eis
    - Vilamovian: ajs
    - Yiddish: אײַז (ayz)
Old Norse: íss (< *īsaz)
- Icelandic: ís
- Faroese: ísur
- Norwegian Bokmål: is
- Elfdalian: ais
- Old Swedish: īs
  - Swedish: is
- Danish: is
- Gutnish: eis, h'eis