Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/balþijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *balþaz (“bold”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɑl.θi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*balþijaną

1. to make bold; animate; encourage

Inflection

Conjugation of *balþijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*balþijō	*balþijaų	—	*balþijai	?
2nd singular	*balþīsi	*balþijais	*balþī	*balþijasai	*balþijaisau
3rd singular	*balþīþi	*balþijai	*balþijaþau	*balþijaþai	*balþijaiþau
1st dual	*balþijōs	*balþijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*balþijaþiz	*balþijaiþiz	*balþijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*balþijamaz	*balþijaim	—	*balþijanþai	*balþijainþau
2nd plural	*balþīþ	*balþijaiþ	*balþīþ	*balþijanþai	*balþijainþau
3rd plural	*balþijanþi	*balþijain	*balþijanþau	*balþijanþai	*balþijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*balþidǭ	*balþidēdį̄
2nd singular	*balþidēz	*balþidēdīz
3rd singular	*balþidē	*balþidēdī
1st dual	*balþidēdū	*balþidēdīw
2nd dual	*balþidēdudiz	*balþidēdīdiz
1st plural	*balþidēdum	*balþidēdīm
2nd plural	*balþidēdud	*balþidēdīd
3rd plural	*balþidēdun	*balþidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*balþijandz	*balþidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *balþijan
  • Old English: bieldan, byldan, bildan
    • Middle English: bēlden, beelden
      • Scots: belde, beild, bield
      • English: bield
  • Old Saxon: beldian
  • Old High German: belden
    • Middle High German: belden, balden
• Old Norse: bella
  • Elfdalian: bella
  • Icelandic: bella
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: belle
• Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (balþjan)