Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brugjǭ

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-, *bʰrēw- (“wooden flooring, decking, bridge”); compare Gaulish brīuā.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbruɣ.jɔ̃ː/

Noun

*brugjǭ f

bridge

Inflection

ōn-stemDeclension of *brugjǭ (ōn-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*brugjǭ	*brugjōniz
vocative	*brugjǭ	*brugjōniz
accusative	*brugjōnų	*brugjōnunz
genitive	*brugjōniz	*brugjōnǫ̂
dative	*brugjōni	*brugjōmaz
instrumental	*brugjōnē	*brugjōmiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *bruggju
- Old English: bryċġ
  - Middle English: brigge, brugge, brygge, bregge, brige, brig, bryge, brydge
    - English: bridge
    - Geordie English: brig
    - Scots: brig
    - Yola: burge
- Old Frisian: brigge, bregge
  - North Frisian: brag, Bröch (Sylt)
  - Saterland Frisian: Brääch
  - West Frisian: brêge
- Old Saxon: bruggia
  - Middle Low German: brugge
    - Dutch Low Saxon: brugge (Achterhoeks, Drents, Gronings, Twents, Veluws), brogge (Drents, Stellingwerfs, Veluws), brog (Drents, Gronings, Veluws)
    - German Low German: Brugge, Brügg(e), Brüch
    - Plautdietsch: Brigj
- Old Dutch: brugga
  - Middle Dutch: brugge
    - Dutch: brug, Brugge
      - Afrikaans: brug
      - → Papiamentu: brùg
    - Limburgish: brögk
- Old High German: brucca
  - Middle High German: brucke, brücke
    - Alemannic German: Brugg
    - Bavarian: Bruck, Brugg
    - Central Franconian: Bröck, Breck
      Hunsrik: Brick
    - German: Brücke
    - Luxembourgish: Bréck
    - Rhine Franconian:
      Pennsylvania German: Brick
    - Vilamovian: bryk
    - Yiddish: בריק (brik)
Old Norse: bryggja
- Icelandic: bryggja
- → English: Bruges
- Faroese: bryggja
- Norwegian: brygge, bryggje
- (Old Norse: brú)
  - (Elfdalian: bru)
- Old Swedish: bryggia, ᛒᚱᛦᚵᚵᛁᛆ
  - Swedish: brygga
- Danish: brygge
- → Middle English: brig, brigg, bryg, bregg
  - Scots: brig, brigg, breeg
    - → English: brig, brigg