Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/burōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to carve; split; cut; rub; pierce; strike”). Equivalent to *burō (“bore”) +‎ *-ōną. Cognate with Latin forō (“bore”, verb), Proto-Slavic *borti (“to fight”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbu.rɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*burōną

to drill, pierce
to bore

Inflection

Conjugation of *burōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*burō	*burǭ	—	*burōi	?
2nd singular	*burōsi	*burōs	*burō	*burōsai	*burōsau
3rd singular	*burōþi	*burō	*burōþau	*burōþai	*burōþau
1st dual	*burōs	*burōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*burōþiz	*burōþiz	*burōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*burōmaz	*burōm	—	*burōnþai	*burōnþau
2nd plural	*burōþ	*burōþ	*burōþ	*burōnþai	*burōnþau
3rd plural	*burōnþi	*burōn	*burōnþau	*burōnþai	*burōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*burōdǭ	*burōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*burōdēz	*burōdēdīz
3rd singular	*burōdē	*burōdēdī
1st dual	*burōdēdū	*burōdēdīw
2nd dual	*burōdēdudiz	*burōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*burōdēdum	*burōdēdīm
2nd plural	*burōdēdud	*burōdēdīd
3rd plural	*burōdēdun	*burōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*burōndz	*burōdaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *borōn
- Old English: borian
  - Middle English: boren
    - Scots: bore, boir
    - English: bore
- Old Frisian: *boria
  - Saterland Frisian: boorje
  - West Frisian: boarje
- Old Saxon: borōn
  - Middle Low German: bōren
    - German Low German: bohren
- Old Dutch: *boron
  - Middle Dutch: boren
    - Dutch: boren
- Old High German: borōn
  - Middle High German: boren
    - German: bohren
    - Luxembourgish: bueren
Old Norse: bora
- Icelandic: bora
- Faroese: bora
- Norwegian: bore
- Old Swedish: bora, bura
  - Swedish: borra
- Danish: bore
- Gutnish: bure, bur', bura