Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/erpaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *erppaz, earlier *h₁erbʰnós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁erbʰ-. Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀρφνός (orphnós, “dark brown”) (< o-grade *h₁orbʰnós).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈer.pɑz/

Adjective

*erpaz

1. light brown, brown

Inflection

Declension of *erpaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*erpaz	*erpai	*erpō	*erpôz	*erpą, -atō	*erpō
Accusative	*erpanǭ	*erpanz	*erpǭ	*erpōz	*erpą, -atō	*erpō
Genitive	*erpas, -is	*erpaizǫ̂	*erpaizōz	*erpaizǫ̂	*erpas, -is	*erpaizǫ̂
Dative	*erpammai	*erpaimaz	*erpaizōi	*erpaimaz	*erpammai	*erpaimaz
Instrumental	*erpanō	*erpaimiz	*erpaizō	*erpaimiz	*erpanō	*erpaimiz
Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*erpô	*erpaniz	*erpǭ	*erpōniz	*erpô	*erpōnō
Accusative	*erpanų	*erpanunz	*erpōnų	*erpōnunz	*erpô	*erpōnō
Genitive	*erpiniz	*erpanǫ̂	*erpōniz	*erpōnǫ̂	*erpiniz	*erpanǫ̂
Dative	*erpini	*erpammaz	*erpōni	*erpōmaz	*erpini	*erpammaz
Instrumental	*erpinē	*erpammiz	*erpōnē	*erpōmiz	*erpinē	*erpammiz

Derived terms

• *erpô
• *irpijǭ

Descendants

• Old English: eorp, earp
• Old Dutch: *erpa; no direct attestations, but found in the toponym: Erpapa
  • Middle Dutch: only indirect descendants, e.g., erpel, the toponym Erpe (<Old Dutch Erpapa) and the patronym Erpe (<Old Dutch *Erpo)
    • Dutch: only indirect descendants, e.g., erpel, raaphoen, Erps-Kwerps
• Old High German: erpf
• Old Norse: jarpr, definite jarpi m (“the brown one; the hazel grouse”)
  • Icelandic: jarpur
  • Faroese: jarpur
  • Swedish: järpe c (“hazel grouse”)
  • Norwegian: jerpe m or f (“hazel grouse”)
    • → Danish: hjerpe, jærpe c (“hazel grouse”)

See also

Colors in Proto-Germanic · *farwôz (layout · text)

*blaikaz, *blankaz, *hwītaz, *blasaz	*falwaz, *grēwaz, *haswaz, *grīsaz, *hairaz	*blakaz, *swartaz
*raudaz	*brūnaz, *erpaz, *dusnaz	*gelwaz, *gulaz
*grōniz	*grōniz
	*blēwaz	*blēwaz, *hēwijaz
*blēwaz, *hēwijaz	*baswaz