Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dusnaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*duznaz

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰus-no-s (cognate with Proto-Celtic *dusnos (“dark, brown”)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwes-, seemingly related to Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdus.nɑz/

Adjective

*dusnaz

brownish; brown
yellow

Inflection

Declension of *dusnaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*dusnaz	*dusnai	*dusnō	*dusnôz	*dusną, -atō	*dusnō
Accusative	*dusnanǭ	*dusnanz	*dusnǭ	*dusnōz	*dusną, -atō	*dusnō
Genitive	*dusnas, -is	*dusnaizǫ̂	*dusnaizōz	*dusnaizǫ̂	*dusnas, -is	*dusnaizǫ̂
Dative	*dusnammai	*dusnaimaz	*dusnaizōi	*dusnaimaz	*dusnammai	*dusnaimaz
Instrumental	*dusnanō	*dusnaimiz	*dusnaizō	*dusnaimiz	*dusnanō	*dusnaimiz

Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*dusnô	*dusnaniz	*dusnǭ	*dusnōniz	*dusnô	*dusnōnō
Accusative	*dusnanų	*dusnanunz	*dusnōnų	*dusnōnunz	*dusnô	*dusnōnō
Genitive	*dusniniz	*dusnanǫ̂	*dusnōniz	*dusnōnǫ̂	*dusniniz	*dusnanǫ̂
Dative	*dusnini	*dusnammaz	*dusnōni	*dusnōmaz	*dusnini	*dusnammaz
Instrumental	*dusninē	*dusnammiz	*dusnōnē	*dusnōmiz	*dusninē	*dusnammiz

Related terms

*dusnǭ
- Old Norse: dunna (“female duck”, literally “the brown one”)
  - Faroese: dunna
  - Icelandic: dunna
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: dunne

Descendants

Old English: dunn, dun
- Middle English: dunne, donne, dune, dun
  - Scots: dune, dun, din
  - English: dun
Old Saxon: *dunn, dun; dosan
Old High German: tusin

blaikaz, blankaz, hwītaz, blasaz	falwaz, grēwaz, haswaz, grīsaz, *hairaz	blakaz, swartaz
*raudaz	brūnaz, erpaz, *dusnaz	gelwaz, gulaz
*grōniz	*grōniz
	*blēwaz	blēwaz, hēwijaz
blēwaz, hēwijaz	*baswaz