Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gelwaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃wós (“yellow”), from *ǵʰelh₃- (“to shine”) + *-wós. Cognate with Latin helvus (“light-yellow”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣel.wɑz/

Adjective

*gelwaz

1. (West Germanic) yellow

Inflection

Declension of *gelwaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*gelwaz	*gelwai	*gelwō	*gelwôz	*gelwą, -atō	*gelwō
Accusative	*gelwanǭ	*gelwanz	*gelwǭ	*gelwōz	*gelwą, -atō	*gelwō
Genitive	*gelwas, -is	*gelwaizǫ̂	*gelwaizōz	*gelwaizǫ̂	*gelwas, -is	*gelwaizǫ̂
Dative	*gelwammai	*gelwaimaz	*gelwaizōi	*gelwaimaz	*gelwammai	*gelwaimaz
Instrumental	*gelwanō	*gelwaimiz	*gelwaizō	*gelwaimiz	*gelwanō	*gelwaimiz
Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*gelwô	*gelwaniz	*gelwǭ	*gelwōniz	*gelwô	*gelwōnō
Accusative	*gelwanų	*gelwanunz	*gelwōnų	*gelwōnunz	*gelwô	*gelwōnō
Genitive	*gelwiniz	*gelwanǫ̂	*gelwōniz	*gelwōnǫ̂	*gelwiniz	*gelwanǫ̂
Dative	*gelwini	*gelwammaz	*gelwōni	*gelwōmaz	*gelwini	*gelwammaz
Instrumental	*gelwinē	*gelwammiz	*gelwōnē	*gelwōmiz	*gelwinē	*gelwammiz

Synonyms

• *gulaz (North Germanic)

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *gelu
  • Old English: ġeolu
    • Middle English: ȝelwe, ȝalow, yelow
      • English: yellow; yeller, yallow, yaller, yullow (dialectal)
      • Scots: yella, yelly, yallow
  • Old Frisian: *jele
    • Saterland Frisian: jeel
    • West Frisian: giel
  • Old Saxon: gelo, gelu
    • Middle Low German: gēl
      • Low German:
        • German Low German:

          Hamburgisch: geel

        • Westphalian:

          Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: gial

          Lippisch: gäll

          Sauerländisch: giäl, geal, gail, gēäl

          Westmünsterländisch: gääl, geel, gell

      • Plautdietsch: jäl
  • Old Dutch: *gelo
    • Middle Dutch: gēle
      • Dutch: geel
      • Limburgish: gael
  • Old High German: gelo
    • Middle High German: gël (inflected gëlwe)
      • Alemannic German:
        • Alsatian: gahl, gäl

        Swabian: geal

      • Central Franconian: gäl, jäl, jell
      • Cimbrian: gel, ghéel (Sette Comuni)
      • German: gelb; gehl (regional)

        → Hunsrik: gelleb

      • Luxembourgish: giel
      • Pennsylvania German: gehl
      • Vilamovian: gaoł
      • Yiddish: געל (gel), געלב (gelb)

See also

Colors in Proto-Germanic · *farwôz (layout · text)

*blaikaz, *blankaz, *hwītaz, *blasaz	*falwaz, *grēwaz, *haswaz, *grīsaz, *hairaz	*blakaz, *swartaz
*raudaz	*brūnaz, *erpaz, *dusnaz	*gelwaz, *gulaz
*grōniz	*grōniz
	*blēwaz	*blēwaz, *hēwijaz
*blēwaz, *hēwijaz	*baswaz