Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frijaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *priHós (“beloved”). The original meaning was probably something like “from one's own clan”, from which a meaning “being a free man, not a serf” developed.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɸri.jɑz/

Adjective

*frijaz

1. free

Inflection

Declension of *frijaz (ja-stem)

strong declension
	masculine		feminine		neuter
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	*frijaz	*frijai	*frijō	*frijôz	*friją, *-at(ō)	*frijō
accusative	*frijanǭ	*frijanz	*frijǭ	*frijōz	*friją, *-at(ō)	*frijō
genitive	*frijas, *frīs	*frijaizǫ̂	*frijaizōz	*frijaizǫ̂	*frijas, *frīs	*frijaizǫ̂
dative	*frijammai	*frijaimaz	*frijaizōi	*frijaimaz	*frijammai	*frijaimaz
instrumental	*frijanō	*frijaimiz	*frijaizō	*frijaimiz	*frijanō	*frijaimiz
weak declension
	masculine		feminine		neuter
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	*frijô	*frijaniz	*frijǭ	*frijōniz	*frijô	*frijōnō
accusative	*frijanų	*frijanunz	*frijōnų	*frijōnunz	*frijô	*frijōnō
genitive	*frīniz	*frijanǫ̂	*frijōniz	*frijōnǫ̂	*frīniz	*frijanǫ̂
dative	*frīni	*frijammaz	*frijōni	*frijōmaz	*frīni	*frijammaz
instrumental	*frīnē	*frijammiz	*frijōnē	*frijōmiz	*frīnē	*frijammiz

Derived terms

• *frį̄
• *frijahalsaz

Related terms

• *frijaþwō
• *frijōną
• *frijōndz
• *friþuz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *frī
  • Old English: frēo, frīo, freoh, frioh, friġ, frī, frȳ
    • Middle English: fre, vri, vry
      • English: free
        • → Fiji Hindi: firii
      • Scots: fre
  • Old Frisian: frī
    • Saterland Frisian: fräi
    • West Frisian: frij
  • Old Saxon: frī
    • Middle Low German: vri, vrîg
      • Low German: fri, free, frigg
      • → Danish: fri
      • → Estonian: prii
      • → Faroese: fríur
      • → Latvian: brīvs
      • → Livonian: brī
      • → Norwegian: fri
      • → Swedish: fri
  • Old Dutch: frī
    • Middle Dutch: vri
      • Dutch: vrij
        • Negerhollands: vri, vrie, fri
        • → Aukan: felei
        • → Caribbean Javanese: frèi, prèi, pré
        • → Indonesian: prei (“holiday, free, doing nothing”)
        • → Sundanese: peré
  • Old High German: frī
    • Middle High German: vrī
      • German: frei
      • Luxembourgish: fräi
      • Vilamovian: frȧj
      • Yiddish: פֿרײַ (fray)
• Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃 (freis)