Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/friþuz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *frijaz +‎ *-þuz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸri.θuz/

Noun

*friþuz m

Inflection

u-stemDeclension of *friþuz (u-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*friþuz	*friþiwiz
vocative	*friþu	*friþiwiz
accusative	*friþų	*friþunz
genitive	*friþauz	*friþiwǫ̂
dative	*friþiwi	*friþumaz
instrumental	*friþū	*friþumiz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *friþu
- Old English: friþ, friþu
  - Middle English: frith, ffryth, firth, freth, freþ, frið, friþ, friþþ, fryth, fryþ
    - English: frith
  - ⇒ English: Chilvers (from a contraction of Ċēolfriþ + es or 's)
- Old Frisian: fretho
  - Saterland Frisian: Free
  - West Frisian: frede
- Old Saxon: frithu
  - Middle Low German: vrēde
    - Low German:
      - German Low German: Freed
        Westphalian:
        Münsterländer: Frää, Frääden, Frääde, Frääne, Freeden (Westmünsterländisch)
        Münsterländisch: Friäde, Friäden; tefriäden
        East Westphalian: Friae (Ravensbergisch)
    - Plautdietsch: Fräd
- Old Dutch: frithu
  - Middle Dutch: vrēde
    - Dutch: vrede, vree, vreed
      - Afrikaans: vrede
      - Negerhollands: vreed, vrede, vreede
      - Sranan Tongo: vrede, freide
    - Limburgish: vrieëd
- Old High German: fridu
  - Middle High German: vride, vrit
    - Cimbrian: friide
    - German: Friede, Frieden
    - Luxembourgish: Fridden
    - Yiddish: פֿרידן (fridn)
- →⇒ Vulgar Latin: *exfridō (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Norse:
- Old Norse: friðr
  - Icelandic: friður
  - Faroese: friður
  - Norwegian Bokmål: fred
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: fred
  - Old Swedish: friþer
    - Swedish: fred, frid
  - Danish: fred
Gothic: *𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌸𐌿𐍃 (*friþus)
Vandalic: *friðV-

References