Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/frijōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *priHéh₂ti (“pleased, loved”). By surface analysis, *frijaz (“free”) +‎ *-ōną. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *prijati (“to please, favor”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɸri.jɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*frijōną

1. to love
2. to free
3. to like

Inflection

Conjugation of *frijōną (weak class 2)

	active voice				passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*frijō	*frijǭ	—		*frijōi	?
2nd singular	*frijōsi	*frijōs	*frijō		*frijōsai	*frijōsau
3rd singular	*frijōþi	*frijō	*frijōþau		*frijōþai	*frijōþau
1st dual	*frijōs	*frijōw	—		—	—
2nd dual	*frijōþiz	*frijōþiz	*frijōþiz		—	—
1st plural	*frijōmaz	*frijōm	—		*frijōnþai	*frijōnþau
2nd plural	*frijōþ	*frijōþ	*frijōþ		*frijōnþai	*frijōnþau
3rd plural	*frijōnþi	*frijōn	*frijōnþau		*frijōnþai	*frijōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*frijōdǭ	*frijōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*frijōdēz	*frijōdēdīz
3rd singular	*frijōdē	*frijōdēdī
1st dual	*frijōdēdū	*frijōdēdīw
2nd dual	*frijōdēdudiz	*frijōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*frijōdēdum	*frijōdēdīm
2nd plural	*frijōdēdud	*frijōdēdīd
3rd plural	*frijōdēdun	*frijōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*frijōndz	*frijōdaz

Antonyms

• *fijāną (“to hate”)

Derived terms

• *frijōndz
• *frijōniz
• *frijōdilaz

Related terms

• *frijō
• *frijô
• *friþilaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *frijōn, *frijigōn
  • Old English: frīġan, frēoġan, frēon
    • Middle English: freen, freoȝen, freoen, fren
      • Scots: fre, frey, frie
      • English: free
  • Old Frisian: frīa, frīaia, friāia, frāia
    • Saterland Frisian: fräie
    • West Frisian: frije
  • Old Saxon: friehōn, friohōn
    • Middle Low German: vrîen, vrigen, vrihen, freien
      • German Low German: frejen
      • Low German: frijen
  • Old Dutch: *frīon
    • Middle Dutch: vrien, vrihen, vrijen
      • Dutch: vrijen, (obsolete) vrijden
        • Afrikaans: vry
        • Berbice Creole Dutch: freri
        • Negerhollands: fri, vrie
  • Old High German: *frīhōn, *frīwōn, *frijōn
    • Middle High German: frīen, vrīen, vrijen, vrigen
      • German: freien
      • Luxembourgish: freien
• Proto-Norse:
  • Old Norse: frjá, fría
    • Icelandic: frjá, fría
    • Faroese: fríggja
    • Norwegian: fri
    • Old Swedish: fria
      • Swedish: fria
        • → Finnish: riiata, riiustaa, friiata
    • Danish: fri
• Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌾𐍉𐌽 (frijōn)