Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grubilōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain. Possibly a derivative of *grubilaz (“lying face down", or "a digging instrument”) +‎ *-ōną. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrebʰ- (“to dig, scrape, scratch”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣru.βi.lɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*grubilōną

1. to lie face down, lie prostrate
2. to grub, scramble, scrape, scratch

Inflection

Conjugation of *grubilōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*grubilō	*grubilǭ	—	*grubilōi	?
2nd singular	*grubilōsi	*grubilōs	*grubilō	*grubilōsai	*grubilōsau
3rd singular	*grubilōþi	*grubilō	*grubilōþau	*grubilōþai	*grubilōþau
1st dual	*grubilōs	*grubilōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*grubilōþiz	*grubilōþiz	*grubilōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*grubilōmaz	*grubilōm	—	*grubilōnþai	*grubilōnþau
2nd plural	*grubilōþ	*grubilōþ	*grubilōþ	*grubilōnþai	*grubilōnþau
3rd plural	*grubilōnþi	*grubilōn	*grubilōnþau	*grubilōnþai	*grubilōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*grubilōdǭ	*grubilōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*grubilōdēz	*grubilōdēdīz
3rd singular	*grubilōdē	*grubilōdēdī
1st dual	*grubilōdēdū	*grubilōdēdīw
2nd dual	*grubilōdēdudiz	*grubilōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*grubilōdēdum	*grubilōdēdīm
2nd plural	*grubilōdēdud	*grubilōdēdīd
3rd plural	*grubilōdēdun	*grubilōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*grubilōndz	*grubilōdaz

Related terms

• *grabaną
• *grubb-

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *grubilōn
  • Old Saxon: *gruvilōn
    • Middle Low German: *gruvelen, *grüvelen
      • German Low German: gruveln (also possibly borrowed from Middle High/Modern German)
  • Old High German: grubilōn
    • Middle High German: grübelen
      • German: grübeln
• Old Norse: grœfla, grufla
  • Icelandic: grufla
  • Faroese: gruvla
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: gruvla
  • → Middle English: *grovelen
    • English: grovel
    • Middle Scots: grovill
      • Scots: grovel, grovle, gruvil