Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwisprōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *hwis- (“to hiss”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweys-, *ḱwey- (“to hiss, whistle, whisper”). Cognate with Latin quiritō (“scream, screech, shriek, squall”).

Verb

*hwisprōną

1. to whistle, hiss, whisper

   Synonyms: *hwīskrōną, *hwisplōną

Inflection

Conjugation of *hwisprōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hwisprō	*hwisprǭ	—	*hwisprōi	?
2nd singular	*hwisprōsi	*hwisprōs	*hwisprō	*hwisprōsai	*hwisprōsau
3rd singular	*hwisprōþi	*hwisprō	*hwisprōþau	*hwisprōþai	*hwisprōþau
1st dual	*hwisprōs	*hwisprōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hwisprōþiz	*hwisprōþiz	*hwisprōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hwisprōmaz	*hwisprōm	—	*hwisprōnþai	*hwisprōnþau
2nd plural	*hwisprōþ	*hwisprōþ	*hwisprōþ	*hwisprōnþai	*hwisprōnþau
3rd plural	*hwisprōnþi	*hwisprōn	*hwisprōnþau	*hwisprōnþai	*hwisprōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hwisprōdǭ	*hwisprōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*hwisprōdēz	*hwisprōdēdīz
3rd singular	*hwisprōdē	*hwisprōdēdī
1st dual	*hwisprōdēdū	*hwisprōdēdīw
2nd dual	*hwisprōdēdudiz	*hwisprōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*hwisprōdēdum	*hwisprōdēdīm
2nd plural	*hwisprōdēdud	*hwisprōdēdīd
3rd plural	*hwisprōdēdun	*hwisprōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*hwisprōndz	*hwisprōdaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hwisprōn
  • Old English: hwisprian
    • Middle English: whisperen
      • English: whisper
      • Scots: whisper
  • Old Dutch: *wispron, *wisparon
    • Middle Dutch: wisperen
      • Dutch: wisperen
      • →? German: wispern
      • Limburgish: wiesperen