Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kōlijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *kōlaz (“cool”) +‎ *-janą, or possibly a causative formation equivalent to *kalaną (“to be cold, to freeze”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkɔː.li.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kōlijaną

1. to make cold, to cool

Inflection

Conjugation of *kōlijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kōlijō	*kōlijaų	—	*kōlijai	?
2nd singular	*kōlīsi	*kōlijais	*kōlī	*kōlijasai	*kōlijaisau
3rd singular	*kōlīþi	*kōlijai	*kōlijaþau	*kōlijaþai	*kōlijaiþau
1st dual	*kōlijōs	*kōlijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kōlijaþiz	*kōlijaiþiz	*kōlijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*kōlijamaz	*kōlijaim	—	*kōlijanþai	*kōlijainþau
2nd plural	*kōlīþ	*kōlijaiþ	*kōlīþ	*kōlijanþai	*kōlijainþau
3rd plural	*kōlijanþi	*kōlijain	*kōlijanþau	*kōlijanþai	*kōlijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kōlidǭ	*kōlidēdį̄
2nd singular	*kōlidēz	*kōlidēdīz
3rd singular	*kōlidē	*kōlidēdī
1st dual	*kōlidēdū	*kōlidēdīw
2nd dual	*kōlidēdudiz	*kōlidēdīdiz
1st plural	*kōlidēdum	*kōlidēdīm
2nd plural	*kōlidēdud	*kōlidēdīd
3rd plural	*kōlidēdun	*kōlidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*kōlijandz	*kōlidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *kōlijan
  • Old English: cœ̄lan, cēlan, ċēlan
    • Middle English: kelen, chelen
      • English: keel
      • Scots: kele, keyle
  • Old Frisian: kēla
    • Saterland Frisian: käile, köile
  • Old Saxon: *kōlian
    • Middle Low German: kö̂len, koilen, kůlen
      • German Low German: köhlen
  • Old Dutch: *cuolen
    • Middle Dutch: coelen
      • Dutch: koelen
        • Afrikaans: koel
      • Limburgish: keule
  • Old High German: kuolen
    • Middle High German: küelen
      • Alemannic German: chüele
      • Bavarian: kuin, kühn
      • Central Franconian: köhle, kehle, kiehle
        • Luxembourgish: killen
      • German: kühlen
• Old Norse: kœla, kǿla
  • Danish: køle
  • Faroese: køla
  • Icelandic: kæla
  • Norwegian: kjøle
  • Swedish: kyla