Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kippōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkip.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

A zero grade iterative formation to an unattested strong verb *kīpaną, whence also *kaipaz.

Verb

*kippōną

1. to (make) stumble, fall over, tip over

Inflection

Conjugation of *kippōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kippō	*kippǭ	—	*kippōi	?
2nd singular	*kippōsi	*kippōs	*kippō	*kippōsai	*kippōsau
3rd singular	*kippōþi	*kippō	*kippōþau	*kippōþai	*kippōþau
1st dual	*kippōs	*kippōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kippōþiz	*kippōþiz	*kippōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*kippōmaz	*kippōm	—	*kippōnþai	*kippōnþau
2nd plural	*kippōþ	*kippōþ	*kippōþ	*kippōnþai	*kippōnþau
3rd plural	*kippōnþi	*kippōn	*kippōnþau	*kippōnþai	*kippōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kippōdǭ	*kippōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*kippōdēz	*kippōdēdīz
3rd singular	*kippōdē	*kippōdēdī
1st dual	*kippōdēdū	*kippōdēdīw
2nd dual	*kippōdēdudiz	*kippōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*kippōdēdum	*kippōdēdīm
2nd plural	*kippōdēdud	*kippōdēdīd
3rd plural	*kippōdēdun	*kippōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*kippōndz	*kippōdaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *kippōn
  • Old Saxon: *kippōn
    • Middle Low German: kippen
      • German Low German: kippen
      • → Scots: kip
  • Old High German: *kippōn
    • Middle High German: kippen
      • German: kippen
        • → Dutch: kippen, kiepen
        • → West Frisian: kippe, kipe, kypje
• Old Norse: *kippa
  • Icelandic: kippa
  • Faroese: kippa
  • Elfdalian: tjippas

Etymology 2

Unknown.

Verb

*kippōną

1. to chop
2. to pull, snatch

Inflection

Conjugation of *kippōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kippō	*kippǭ	—	*kippōi	?
2nd singular	*kippōsi	*kippōs	*kippō	*kippōsai	*kippōsau
3rd singular	*kippōþi	*kippō	*kippōþau	*kippōþai	*kippōþau
1st dual	*kippōs	*kippōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kippōþiz	*kippōþiz	*kippōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*kippōmaz	*kippōm	—	*kippōnþai	*kippōnþau
2nd plural	*kippōþ	*kippōþ	*kippōþ	*kippōnþai	*kippōnþau
3rd plural	*kippōnþi	*kippōn	*kippōnþau	*kippōnþai	*kippōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kippōdǭ	*kippōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*kippōdēz	*kippōdēdīz
3rd singular	*kippōdē	*kippōdēdī
1st dual	*kippōdēdū	*kippōdēdīw
2nd dual	*kippōdēdudiz	*kippōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*kippōdēdum	*kippōdēdīm
2nd plural	*kippōdēdud	*kippōdēdīd
3rd plural	*kippōdēdun	*kippōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*kippōndz	*kippōdaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *kippōn
  • Old English: *cippian
    • Middle English: chippen
      • English: chip
      • Scots: chip
  • Old Dutch: *kippon
    • Middle Dutch: kippen
      • Dutch: kippen
      • → Middle Low German: kippen
      • → Middle English: kippen (or borrowed from Old Norse instead)
        • English: kip
• Old Norse: kippa
  • Icelandic: kippa
  • Faroese: kippa
  • Norwegian:

    Norwegian Bokmål: kippe

    Norwegian Nynorsk: kippe, kippa

  • Swedish: kippa
  • → Middle English: kippen (or borrowed from Middle Dutch instead)
    • English: kip