Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klibāną

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klībaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

A stative derived from the root of *klībaną (“to stick”).

Verb

*klibāną

to stick, to adhere

Inflection

Conjugation of *klibāną (weak class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*klibō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*klibaisi	?	*klibai	*klibāsai	?
3rd singular	*klibaiþi	?	*klibāþau	*klibāþai	?
1st dual	*klibōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*klibāþiz	?	*klibāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*klibāmaz	?	—	*klibānþai	?
2nd plural	*klibaiþ	?	*klibaiþ	*klibānþai	?
3rd plural	*klibānþi	?	*klibānþau	*klibānþai	?

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*klibadǭ	*klibadēdį̄
2nd singular	*klibadēz	*klibadēdīz
3rd singular	*klibadē	*klibadēdī
1st dual	*klibadēdū	*klibadēdīw
2nd dual	*klibadēdudiz	*klibadēdīdiz
1st plural	*klibadēdum	*klibadēdīm
2nd plural	*klibadēdud	*klibadēdīd
3rd plural	*klibadēdun	*klibadēdīn

	present	past
participles	*klibāndz	*klibadaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *klibēn
- Old English: clifian, cleofian
  - Middle English: clivien, cleovien, clevien, cleven
    - English: cleave
    - Scots: cleve, cleif
- Old Frisian: *klivia, *klevia
  - Saterland Frisian: klieuwje
  - West Frisian: kleevje, klibje
- Old Saxon: klibōn, klivōn, *klevōn
  - Middle Low German: klēven
    - Low German: kliven
    - German Low German: kleven
- Old Dutch: clivon
  - Middle Dutch: cleven
    - Dutch: kleven
- Old High German: klebēn, chlebēn; (Central German also) *klevōn (attested as clevōne, clivōda)
  - Middle High German: kleben
    - German: kleben
      - → Danish: klæbe
      - → Estonian: kleepima
      - → Swedish: klibba
    - Luxembourgish: kliewen
    - Yiddish: קלעפּן (klepn), קלעבן (klebn)
Old Norse: klifa (possibly conflated with *klibōną?)
- Icelandic: klifa