Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klinaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gleh₁y- (“to smear, glue”). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *glināti (“to glue”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkli.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*klinaną

1. to stick, glue
2. to smear, paste

Inflection

The present tense forms have the zero grade vowel -i- rather than -ī-.

Conjugation of *klinaną (strong class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*klinō	*klinaų	—	*klinai	?
2nd singular	*klinizi	*klinaiz	*klin	*klinazai	*klinaizau
3rd singular	*klinidi	*klinai	*klinadau	*klinadai	*klinaidau
1st dual	*klinōz	*klinaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*klinadiz	*klinaidiz	*klinadiz	—	—
1st plural	*klinamaz	*klinaim	—	*klinandai	*klinaindau
2nd plural	*klinid	*klinaid	*klinid	*klinandai	*klinaindau
3rd plural	*klinandi	*klinain	*klinandau	*klinandai	*klinaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*klain	*klinį̄
2nd singular	*klaint	*klinīz
3rd singular	*klain	*klinī
1st dual	*klinū	*klinīw
2nd dual	*klinudiz	*klinīdiz
1st plural	*klinum	*klinīm
2nd plural	*klinud	*klinīd
3rd plural	*klinun	*klinīn
	present	past
participles	*klinandz	*klinanaz

Derived terms

• *klainį̄
• *klainiz
  • Proto-West Germanic: *klainī
• *klainō

Related terms

• *klaimaz
• *klaimijaną
• *klajjaz
• *klībaną
• *klibāną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *klenan
  • Old Saxon: *klenan
    • ⇒ Old Saxon: biklenan (“to spread, stain”)
  • Old High German: klenan
    • Middle High German: klenen
• ⇒ Old Norse: klina (weak verb) (< *klinjaną)
  • Icelandic: klína
  • Faroese: klína
  • Norwegian Bokmål: kline
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: klina, kline