Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwakōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Likely of onomatopoeic origin.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkwɑ.kɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kwakōną

1. to quack
2. to twitter
3. to croak

Inflection

Conjugation of *kwakōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kwakō	*kwakǭ	—	*kwakōi	?
2nd singular	*kwakōsi	*kwakōs	*kwakō	*kwakōsai	*kwakōsau
3rd singular	*kwakōþi	*kwakō	*kwakōþau	*kwakōþai	*kwakōþau
1st dual	*kwakōs	*kwakōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kwakōþiz	*kwakōþiz	*kwakōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*kwakōmaz	*kwakōm	—	*kwakōnþai	*kwakōnþau
2nd plural	*kwakōþ	*kwakōþ	*kwakōþ	*kwakōnþai	*kwakōnþau
3rd plural	*kwakōnþi	*kwakōn	*kwakōnþau	*kwakōnþai	*kwakōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kwakōdǭ	*kwakōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*kwakōdēz	*kwakōdēdīz
3rd singular	*kwakōdē	*kwakōdēdī
1st dual	*kwakōdēdū	*kwakōdēdīw
2nd dual	*kwakōdēdudiz	*kwakōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*kwakōdēdum	*kwakōdēdīm
2nd plural	*kwakōdēdud	*kwakōdēdīd
3rd plural	*kwakōdēdun	*kwakōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*kwakōndz	*kwakōdaz

Alternative forms

• *kwakkōną

Related terms

• *kwakjaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *kwakōn
  • Old English: *cwacian, *cwæcian
    • Middle English: *quacken, queken (merged with Middle Dutch quacken)
      • English: quack
  • Old Frisian: *quakia
    • West Frisian: kweakje, kwaakje
    • Saterland Frisian: kwaokje, kwaakje
  • Old Saxon: *kwakōn, *kwakkōn, *quakōn, *quakkōn
    • Middle Low German: quāken, quacken
      • German Low German: quarken
      • → German: quaken, quacken
  • Old Dutch: *quakon, *quakkon
    • Middle Dutch: quaken, quakken
      • Dutch: kwaken, kwakken, kwekken
• Old Norse: kvaka, *kvakka
  • Icelandic: kvaka, kvakka
  • Norwegian:

    Norwegian Bokmål: kvake, kvakke

    Norwegian Nynorsk: kvake, kvakke

  • Swedish: kvaka, kvacka
  • Danish: kvake, kvakke