quaken
See also: quäken
German edit
Etymology edit
Cognate with Dutch kwaken (“to croak”), English quack.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
quaken (weak, third-person singular present quakt, past tense quakte, past participle gequakt, auxiliary haben)
Conjugation edit
infinitive | quaken | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | quakend | ||||
past participle | gequakt | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich quake | wir quaken | i | ich quake | wir quaken |
du quakst | ihr quakt | du quakest | ihr quaket | ||
er quakt | sie quaken | er quake | sie quaken | ||
preterite | ich quakte | wir quakten | ii | ich quakte1 | wir quakten1 |
du quaktest | ihr quaktet | du quaktest1 | ihr quaktet1 | ||
er quakte | sie quakten | er quakte1 | sie quakten1 | ||
imperative | quak (du) quake (du) |
quakt (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
References edit
- ^ Friedrich Kluge (1883) “quaken”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
Further reading edit
Middle English edit
Alternative forms edit
- quake, quakien, quakiȝen, quaake, qwaken, qwake, qwhake, kwaken
- cwakien, cwakie (Early Middle English)
Etymology edit
From Old English cwacian (“to quake, tremble, chatter”), from Proto-West Germanic *kwakōn, from Proto-Germanic *kwakōną. See English quake for more.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
quaken
- To tremble with fear or anger.
- To tremble from illness, cold, or heat.
- To shake; to quake.
- (figurative) To be scared (as if trembling)
- (rare) To shift from side to side.
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of quaken (weak in -ed or strong class 6)
infinitive | (to) quaken, quake | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | quake | quaked, quok | |
2nd-person singular | quakest | quakedest, quoke, quok | |
3rd-person singular | quaketh | quaked, quok | |
subjunctive singular | quake | quaked1, quoke1 | |
imperative singular | — | ||
plural2 | quaken, quake | quakeden, quakede, quoken, quoke | |
imperative plural | quaketh, quake | — | |
participles | quakynge, quakende | quaked, yquaked |
1Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
2Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Descendants edit
References edit
- “quāken, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.