Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/surgō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*swurgō

Etymology

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Is this at all related to Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to ache, to fester”)? See also Proto-Germanic *sweraną (“to hurt, to fester”).”

From earlier *swurgō, from Proto-Indo-European *swergʰ- (“to watch over, worry; be ill, suffer”). Cognate with Lithuanian sir̃gti (“to be ill, be sick”), Polish srogi (“stern, severe, harsh”), Old Irish serg (“sickness, disease”).

Noun

*surgō f

worry, care, sorrow

Inflection

ō-stemDeclension of *surgō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*surgō	*surgôz
vocative	*surgō	*surgôz
accusative	*surgǭ	*surgōz
genitive	*surgōz	*surgǫ̂
dative	*surgōi	*surgōmaz
instrumental	*surgō	*surgōmiz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *sorgu, *sworgu
- Old English: sorg, sorh
  - Middle English: sorȝe, sorwe, sorow
    - English: sorrow
    - Scots: sorow
- Old Frisian: sorge
  - Saterland Frisian: Suurge, Sourge
  - West Frisian: soarch
- Old Saxon: sorga
  - Middle Low German: sorge
    - Low German: Sorge, Soarge, Suarge, Suare, Sōerje (all Westphalian)
    - Plautdietsch: Sorj
- Old Dutch: sorga
  - Middle Dutch: sorge, zorge, soorge
    - Dutch: zorg
      - Afrikaans: sorg
      - Negerhollands: sorg
      - Sranan Tongo: sorgu
        → Caribbean Hindustani: sorgu
      - → Indonesian: rawat (semantic loan)
- Old High German: sworga, sorga
  - Middle High German: sorge
    - German: Sorge
    - Luxembourgish: Suerg
    - Yiddish: זאָרג (zorg)
Old Norse: sorg
- Icelandic: sorg
- Faroese: sorg
- Norwegian Nynorsk: sorg
- Norwegian Bokmål: sorg
- Old Swedish: sorgh
  - Swedish: sorg
- Danish: sorg
Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌰 (saurga)
→ Proto-Finnic: *surku (see there for further descendants)