Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sweltaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *swel- (“to smolder; burn; scorch”). Cognate with Old Armenian քաղց (kʿałcʿ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈswel.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*sweltaną

1. to die; succumb

Inflection

Conjugation of *sweltaną (strong class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*sweltō	*sweltaų	—	*sweltai	?
2nd singular	*swiltizi	*sweltaiz	*swelt	*sweltazai	*sweltaizau
3rd singular	*swiltidi	*sweltai	*sweltadau	*sweltadai	*sweltaidau
1st dual	*sweltōz	*sweltaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*sweltadiz	*sweltaidiz	*sweltadiz	—	—
1st plural	*sweltamaz	*sweltaim	—	*sweltandai	*sweltaindau
2nd plural	*swiltid	*sweltaid	*swiltid	*sweltandai	*sweltaindau
3rd plural	*sweltandi	*sweltain	*sweltandau	*sweltandai	*sweltaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swalt	*swultį̄
2nd singular	*swalst	*swultīz
3rd singular	*swalt	*swultī
1st dual	*swultū	*swultīw
2nd dual	*swultudiz	*swultīdiz
1st plural	*swultum	*swultīm
2nd plural	*swultud	*swultīd
3rd plural	*swultun	*swultīn
	present	past
participles	*sweltandz	*swultanaz

Derived terms

• *gasweltaną
• *swaltijaną
• *swultiz

Related terms

• *swilitjaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *sweltan
  • Old English: sweltan
    • Middle English: swelten
      • Scots: swelt, swalt
      • English: swelt
  • Old Saxon: sweltan
  • Old Dutch: *sweltan
    • Middle Dutch: swelten
      • Dutch: zwelten
      • West Flemish: zwelten
        • ⇒ West Flemish: zwelte (“lazy woman”, noun)
  • Old High German: swelzan
    • Middle High German: swëlzen
• Old Norse: svelta
  • Icelandic: svelta
  • Faroese: svølta
  • Old Swedish: svælta
    • Swedish: svälta
  • Danish: svelte (archaic or dialectal), sulte (-u- under influence from adjective/participle sulten and noun sult)
• Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌻𐍄𐌰𐌽 (swiltan)
• Crimean Gothic: schwalth