Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wirþijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *werþaz (“worthy, valuable”) +‎ *-janą or *werþą (“worth, value”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwir.θi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wirþijaną

1. to value, to esteem

Inflection

Conjugation of *wirþijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wirþijō	*wirþijaų	—	*wirþijai	?
2nd singular	*wirþīsi	*wirþijais	*wirþī	*wirþijasai	*wirþijaisau
3rd singular	*wirþīþi	*wirþijai	*wirþijaþau	*wirþijaþai	*wirþijaiþau
1st dual	*wirþijōs	*wirþijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*wirþijaþiz	*wirþijaiþiz	*wirþijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*wirþijamaz	*wirþijaim	—	*wirþijanþai	*wirþijainþau
2nd plural	*wirþīþ	*wirþijaiþ	*wirþīþ	*wirþijanþai	*wirþijainþau
3rd plural	*wirþijanþi	*wirþijain	*wirþijanþau	*wirþijanþai	*wirþijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wirþidǭ	*wirþidēdį̄
2nd singular	*wirþidēz	*wirþidēdīz
3rd singular	*wirþidē	*wirþidēdī
1st dual	*wirþidēdū	*wirþidēdīw
2nd dual	*wirþidēdudiz	*wirþidēdīdiz
1st plural	*wirþidēdum	*wirþidēdīm
2nd plural	*wirþidēdud	*wirþidēdīd
3rd plural	*wirþidēdun	*wirþidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*wirþijandz	*wirþidaz

Related terms

• *werþōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *wirþijan
  • Old English: *wirþan, *wierþan, *wyrþan
    • ⇒ Old English: ġewirþan, ġewierþan, ġewyrþan
  • Old Frisian: wirtha, wertha, wirda
  • Old Dutch: wertha
    • Middle Dutch: werden, waerden
  • Old High German: wirden
    • Middle High German: wirden
• Old Norse: virða
  • Icelandic: virða
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: vyrda, vyrde, vørda, vørde
  • Old Swedish: virþa
    • Swedish: vörda