Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yeti

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Suffix

*(Ø)-yéti

1. Creates intransitive, often deponent, imperfective verbs from roots.

Inflection

Imperfective, thematic
3rd singular	*(Ø)-yéti
3rd plural	*(Ø)-yónti
Active voice	Present indicative	Past indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*(Ø)-yóh₂	*(Ø)-yóm	—	*(Ø)-yṓh₂	*(Ø)-yóyh₁m̥
2nd singular	*(Ø)-yési	*(Ø)-yés	*(Ø)-yé	*(Ø)-yḗsi	*(Ø)-yóys
3rd singular	*(Ø)-yéti	*(Ø)-yét	*(Ø)-yétu	*(Ø)-yḗti	*(Ø)-yóyt
1st dual	*(Ø)-yówos	*(Ø)-yówe	—	*(Ø)-yṓwos	*(Ø)-yóywe
2nd dual	*(Ø)-yétes	*(Ø)-yétom	*(Ø)-yétom	*(Ø)-yḗtes	*(Ø)-yóytom
3rd dual	*(Ø)-yétes	*(Ø)-yétām	*(Ø)-yétām	*(Ø)-yḗtes	*(Ø)-yóytām
1st plural	*(Ø)-yómos	*(Ø)-yóme	—	*(Ø)-yṓmos	*(Ø)-yóyme
2nd plural	*(Ø)-yéte	*(Ø)-yéte	*(Ø)-yéte	*(Ø)-yḗte	*(Ø)-yóyte
3rd plural	*(Ø)-yónti	*(Ø)-yónt	*(Ø)-yóntu	*(Ø)-yṓnti	*(Ø)-yóyh₁n̥t
Participle	*(Ø)-yónts
Middle voice	Present indicative	Past indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*(Ø)-yóh₂er	*(Ø)-yóh₂e	—	*(Ø)-yṓh₂er	*(Ø)-yóyh₂e
2nd singular	*(Ø)-yéth₂er	*(Ø)-yéth₂e	*(Ø)-yéso	*(Ø)-yḗth₂er	*(Ø)-yóyth₂e
3rd singular	*(Ø)-yétor	*(Ø)-yéto	*?	*(Ø)-yḗtor	*(Ø)-yóyto, *(Ø)-yóyh₁o
1st dual	*(Ø)-yówosdʰh₂	*(Ø)-yówedʰh₂	—	*(Ø)-yṓwosdʰh₂	*(Ø)-yóywedʰh₂
2nd dual	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
3rd dual	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
1st plural	*(Ø)-yómosdʰh₂	*(Ø)-yómedʰh₂	—	*(Ø)-yṓmosdʰh₂	*(Ø)-yóymedʰh₂
2nd plural	*(Ø)-yédʰh₂we	*(Ø)-yédʰh₂we	*(Ø)-yédʰh₂we	*(Ø)-yḗdʰh₂we	*(Ø)-yóydʰh₂we
3rd plural	*(Ø)-yóntor	*(Ø)-yónto	*?	*(Ø)-yṓntor	*(Ø)-yóyro
Participle	*(Ø)-yómnos

Derived terms

Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-yéti

• *-eh₂yéti
• *-(i)dyéti
• *-oyéti
• *-syéti

Descendants

• Proto-Anatolian: *-yéti
• Proto-Germanic: *-(i)janą (j-presents, some class 1 weak verbs)
• Proto-Hellenic: *-yō
  • Ancient Greek: -έω (-éō) (partially)
  • Ancient Greek: -όω (-óō) (aboriginal ἀρόω (aróō) and new denominative verbs to o-stem nouns)
  • Ancient Greek: -πτω (-ptō) (< *-pyé-, *-pʰyé-)
  • Ancient Greek: -σσω (-ssō), -ττω (-ttō) (< *-kyé-, *-kʰyé-, *-kʷyé-, *-kʷʰyé-, *-tyé-, *-tʰyé-, *-gyé-)
  • Ancient Greek: -ζω (-zō) (< *-gyé-, *-gʷyé-, *-dyé-)
  • Ancient Greek: -λλω (-llō) (< *-lyé-)
  • Ancient Greek: -ιCω (-iCō) (< *-Cyé-)
• Proto-Italic: *-jō
  • Latin: -iō (Third conjugation verbs iō-variation)
  • Latin: -iō (Fourth conjugation verbs, partially)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-yáti
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-yáti
    • Sanskrit: -यति (-yati) (some class 4 verbs, with shift of accent to root, for example: गृध्यति (gṛ́dhyati))
    • Sanskrit: -यते (-yate) (some deponent class 4 verbs, with shift of accent to root, for example: जायते (jā́yate), बुध्यते (búdhyate))
    • Sanskrit: -यते (-yáte) (passive verbs, for example: क्रियते (kriyáte, “to be done”); and rarely a deponent verb: म्रियते (mriyáte, “to die”))
  • Proto-Iranian: *-yáti
    • Avestan: -𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (-iieⁱti) (for example: 𐬬𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (vər^əziieⁱti))

See also

• *-yeti

References

• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
• Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN