Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kelH-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*kelH-^[1]^[2]

to rise, to be tall
hill

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kelH- (8 c, 0 e)

(perhaps) *kl̥-né-H-ti ~ *kl̥-n-H-énti (nasal-infix present)
- Proto-Italic: *kelnō
  - Latin: *cellō
    - ⇒ celsus (past participle) (see there for further descendants)
    - ⇒ (ante)cellō, (ex)cellō, (prae)cellō (see there for further descendants)
  - South Picene: 𐌄𐌑𐌄𐌋𐌔𐌉𐌕 (eíelsit)
*kélH-mn̥ ~ *kl̥H-mén-s
- ⇒ *kl̥H-mṓ (on-stem)
  - ⇒ *kl̥H-mós (thematicized)
    - Proto-Germanic: *hulmaz (“hill, mound, small island”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *kelamn̥
  - Latin: columen, culmen (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ *kolH-m̥n-eh₂
    - Proto-Italic: *kolemnā
      - Latin: columna (see there for further descendants)
*kl̥H-(l)o-m
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - >? Sanskrit: कूल (kū́la) (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)
*kélH-ō ~ *kl̥H-né-s; *kólH-ō ~ *kl̥H-né-s (n-stem)^[3]
- >? Proto-Germanic: *hallô (~ *halþô; or from *ḱel-, or from *(s)kel-)
  - Old Norse: *halli (“slope”)
    - Faroese: halli
    - Icelandic: halli
- ⇒ *kl̥H-ní-s (“hill”)
  - Proto-Germanic: *hulliz (see there for further descendants)
  - Proto-Italic: *kolnis
    - Latin: collis (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ *kl̥H-nó-m
  - >? Proto-Italic: *kalnom
    - Latin: callum (“hard thing, covering”), callus (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ *kolH-nó-s (“hill”)
  - Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kalˀnás
    - Latgalian: kolns
    - Latvian: kal̂ns
    - Lithuanian: kálnas
- ⇒ *kolH-ōn-o-s
  - Proto-Hellenic: *kolōnós
    - Ancient Greek: κολωνός (kolōnós)
- ⇒ *kolH-ōn-eh₂
  - Proto-Hellenic: *kolōnā́
    - Ancient Greek: κολώνη (kolṓnē) (see there for further descendants)
*kolH-weh₂
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kalˀwāˀ
  - Latvian: kalva
  - Lithuanian: kalvà
*kolH-bʰ-
- >? Proto-Hellenic: *kolopʰōn
  - Ancient Greek: κολοφών (kolophṓn) (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Latgalian: ceļt
  - Latvian: cel̂t
  - Lithuanian: kélti
  - Lithuanian: ki̇̀lti
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *čelò (“forehead”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Tocharian: *käly- (“to stand”)^[4]
  - Tocharian A: käly-
  - Tocharian B: käly-

References

^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κολώνη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 741–742
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “käly-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 184-186

[1] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[3] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κολώνη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 741–742

[4] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “käly-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 184-186

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