कूल

Kurukh

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kuːl]

Noun

कूल (kūl)

1. (anatomy) belly, stomach, abdomen

References

• Hahn, Ferb (1903) “कूल”, in Kurukh Orao English dictionary‎^[1], Bengal Secretariat Press, Calcutta, page 92

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• কূল (Assamese script)
• ᬓᬹᬮ (Balinese script)
• কূল (Bengali script)
• 𑰎𑰳𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀓𑀽𑀮 (Brahmi script)
• ကူလ (Burmese script)
• કૂલ (Gujarati script)
• ਕੂਲ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌕𑍂𑌲 (Grantha script)
• ꦏꦹꦭ (Javanese script)
• 𑂍𑂴𑂪 (Kaithi script)
• ಕೂಲ (Kannada script)
• កូល (Khmer script)
• ກູລ (Lao script)
• കൂല (Malayalam script)
• ᡬᡠᡠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘎𑘴𑘩 (Modi script)
• ᢉᠤᠤᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦮𑧕𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐎𑐹𑐮 (Newa script)
• କୂଲ (Odia script)
• ꢒꢹꢭ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆑𑆷𑆬 (Sharada script)
• 𑖎𑖳𑖩 (Siddham script)
• කූල (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩜𑩒𑩛𑩽 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚊𑚱𑚥 (Takri script)
• கூல (Tamil script)
• కూల (Telugu script)
• กูล (Thai script)
• ཀཱུ་ལ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒏𑒴𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨋𑨃𑨊𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Of unclear origin, with many theories proposed:

• Frei derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *kḷH-Ho-, from *kel- (“to drive”), and compares with Latin celer (“quick”). Mayrhofer seems to favor this derivation.
• From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover”) and cognate with Latin cūlus (“posterior, buttocks; anus”) and Old Irish cúl (“back; rear”).
• From Proto-Indo-European *kl̥H-(l)o-m, from *kelH- (“to rise; hill”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Not mentioned by Mayrhofer, but it's on the reconstruction page. Could it be sourced?”)
• Borrowed from Dravidian *kūl- (“to fall down; to sink”), and compared with Kannada ಕೂಲು (kūlu, “to fall down, be overturned”). Considering the Sanskrit word's Vedic presence, a borrowing is unlikely.
• Related to Proto-Iranian *káwfš (“hill, mountain”), whence Old Persian 𐎣𐎢𐎳 (kaufa, “mountain”). This is phonetically untenable.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /kuː.lɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈkuː.l̪ɐ/

Noun

कूल • (kūla) stem, n

1. a declivity, slope
2. a shore, bank
3. a heap, mound, tope

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of कूल (kūla)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	कूलम् kūlam	कूले kūle	कूलानि / कूला¹ kūlāni / kūlā¹
Vocative	कूल kūla	कूले kūle	कूलानि / कूला¹ kūlāni / kūlā¹
Accusative	कूलम् kūlam	कूले kūle	कूलानि / कूला¹ kūlāni / kūlā¹
Instrumental	कूलेन kūlena	कूलाभ्याम् kūlābhyām	कूलैः / कूलेभिः¹ kūlaiḥ / kūlebhiḥ¹
Dative	कूलाय kūlāya	कूलाभ्याम् kūlābhyām	कूलेभ्यः kūlebhyaḥ
Ablative	कूलात् kūlāt	कूलाभ्याम् kūlābhyām	कूलेभ्यः kūlebhyaḥ
Genitive	कूलस्य kūlasya	कूलयोः kūlayoḥ	कूलानाम् kūlānām
Locative	कूले kūle	कूलयोः kūlayoḥ	कूलेषु kūleṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “कूल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 300/3.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 387
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 255