Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/peyh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*peyh₂-^[1]^[2]^[3]

to swell (with milk)
Synonyms: *ḱewh₁-, *swelH-, *tewh₂-
to be swollen, fat

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peyh₂- (7 c, 0 e)

? *péyh₂-e-ti (thematic root present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páyHati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *páyHati
    - Sanskrit: पयते (payate, “to swell, fatten”) (or secondary formation^[2])

*péyh₂-de-ti (de-present)^[1]
- Proto-Tocharian: *päit- (“to be swollen, fat”)
  - ⇒ Proto-Tocharian: *päit-sk- (“to become swollen, fat”) (or < *péyh₂d-sḱe-ti)
    - ⇒? Tocharian B: pitke (“fat, grease, oil”)^[4] (or < *päits-ko- < *péyh₁d-s^[5])
  - ⇒ Proto-Tocharian: *päit-tāk
    - >? Tocharian B: pittāk (“blister, swelling”)
- ⇒? *péyh₂d-s ~ *pih₂d-(s)-és (“pitch, resin”)
- ⇒ *poyh₂d-o-s^[1]
  - Proto-Germanic: *faitaz (“fat”) (see there for further descendants)
    - → Proto-Samic: *puojtē (see there for further descendants)

*péyh₂-t ~ *pih₂-ént (athematic root aorist)^[2]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pīˀtei
  - Lithuanian: pýti (“to be come wet, become muddy, start to give milk”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: पियान (píyāna, “full of, overflowing with”, ptc.med.)

*pi-né-h₂-ti ~ *pi-nh₂-énti (nasal-infix present)^[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pináHti ~ *pinHánti
  - ⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pinHáwti (“to be swollen, fat”) (see there for further descendants)

*pe-póyh₂-e ~ *pe-pih₂-ḗr (reduplicated stative)^[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pipáyHa (“to be swollen (with milk)”) (see there for further descendants)

*péyh₂-mō ~ *pih₂-mén-s^[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páyHmā
  - Proto-Iranian: *páyHmā (“milk”) (see there for further descendants)
    - →? Proto-Finno-Ugric: *pejmä (“milk”)
      - Proto-Finnic: *piimä (see there for further descendants)

*péyh₂-o-s^[6]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páyHas (“milk”) (see there for further descendants)

*péyh₂-tu ~ *pih₂-téw-s (“something fattening, nourishing”)

*péyh₂-wr̥ ~ *pih₂-wén-s (“fat; swelling”)

*pih₂-wes
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *píHwas^[7]^[8]^[9]
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *píHwas
    - Sanskrit: पीवस् (pī́vas, “fat”)
  - Proto-Iranian: *píHwah
    - Avestan: 𐬞𐬍𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬵 (pīuuah)
    - Khotanese: [script needed] (pyau, “swelling, overflowing”)

*pοyh₂-weh₂^[10]^[11]^[1]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: píeva (“meadow”)
  - Latvian: piẽva (“meadow”)
- Proto-Hellenic: *pοiwā^[1]
  - Ancient Greek: ποίη (poíē, “gras, meadow”), πόᾱ (póā)^[12]

*póyh₂-mn̥ ~ *pih₂-m̥nés
- Proto-Germanic: *faimô (“maiden, girl”) (see there for further descendants)

*poyh₂-ó-s^[13]
- Proto-Germanic: *fajaz, *fajjaz^[13]
  - Dutch: vei (“fat, lush, fertile”) (dialectal)

>? *póyh₂-h₃n̥gʷ-i-s ~ *pih₂-h₃n̥gʷ-éy-s (+ *h₃éngʷn̥ (“fat, butter”)?)
- Proto-Italic: *pīngwis^[14]
  - Latin: pinguis (“fat, greasy”) (see there for further descendants)

*pih₂-mó-s^[1]^[15]
- Proto-Hellenic: *pīmós
  - Ancient Greek: πῑμελή (pīmelḗ, “soft fat, lard”) (+ -ελη (-elē)?, cf. ἀγέλη (agélē))
- >? Proto-Italic: *pīmos
  - ⇒ Proto-Italic: *oppīmos (+ *op- (“towards”))
    - Latin: opīmus (“fat, fertile, rich”) (or < opī (“power, resources”) + -mus^[16]) (see there for further descendants)

*pih₂-nó-s, *peh₂i-nó-s^[14]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pā́ˀinas (“milk”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *piHnás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *piHnás
    - Sanskrit: पीन (pīna, “fat, swollen”)

*pih₂-tó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *piHtás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *piHtás
    - Sanskrit: पीत (pīta, “swollen, full”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “pei̯(ə)- pī̆- ,”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 793
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *peiH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 464
^ Byrd, Andrew Miles (2015) The Indo-European Syllable (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics; 15), Leiden: Brill, page 272: “*pei̯h₂-”
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “pitke”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 412: “*pitk-”
^ Pan, Tao (2019) “TB pitke ‘fat, grease, oil’ and PIE *peih̯₁- ‘to be fat, be bursting with’”, in Indogermanische Forschungen, volume 124, number 1, De Gruyter, →DOI, pages 265-278
^ Sadovski, Velizar (2017–2018) “Chapter VI: Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Iranian, page 582: “PIE *peiH-os-”
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “pī́van-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 386
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “pivas-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 139: “lir. *píH-u̯as- steht mit alter Suffixvariation neben iir. *píH-u̯an-, *píH-u̯ar- (pī́van-/pī́var-ī-), [...] (aber ved. pīvas- stammt nicht ganz oder teilweise aus *pī́var-, trotz AiGr II 2,226, Frisk II 532).”
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*píhₓu̯r̥”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 194
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πόα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “pieva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Frisk, Hjalmar (1970) “Proto-Indo-European/peyh₂-”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, pages 268-69
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*faj(j)a-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 124: “*poih₂-o-”
↑ ^14.0 ^14.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pinguis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 466
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “1188”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page πῑαρ
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “opīmus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 429-430

[IEW-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “pei̯(ə)- pī̆- ,”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 793

[LIV-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *peiH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 464

[3] Byrd, Andrew Miles (2015) The Indo-European Syllable (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics; 15), Leiden: Brill, page 272: “*pei̯h₂-”

[4] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “pitke”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 412: “*pitk-”

[5] Pan, Tao (2019) “TB pitke ‘fat, grease, oil’ and PIE *peih̯₁- ‘to be fat, be bursting with’”, in Indogermanische Forschungen, volume 124, number 1, De Gruyter, →DOI, pages 265-278

[6] Sadovski, Velizar (2017–2018) “Chapter VI: Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Iranian, page 582: “PIE *peiH-os-”

[IAIL_pivan-7] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “pī́van-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 386

[8] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “pivas-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 139: “lir. *píH-u̯as- steht mit alter Suffixvariation neben iir. *píH-u̯an-, *píH-u̯ar- (pī́van-/pī́var-ī-), [...] (aber ved. pīvas- stammt nicht ganz oder teilweise aus *pī́var-, trotz AiGr II 2,226, Frisk II 532).”

[EIEC-9] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*píhₓu̯r̥”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 194

[10] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πόα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[11] Derksen, Rick (2015) “pieva”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[Frisk-12] Frisk, Hjalmar (1970) “Proto-Indo-European/peyh₂-”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, pages 268-69

[EDPG_fajja-13] 13.0 ^13.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*faj(j)a-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 124: “*poih₂-o-”

[EDL_pinguis-14] 14.0 ^14.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pinguis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 466

[15] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “1188”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page πῑαρ

[16] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “opīmus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 429-430

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