Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/krátuš

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kré-tus, from *kret- +‎ *-us. Cognate with Ancient Greek κρατύς (kratús, “strong, mighty”).

Noun

*krátuš m

1. intelligence, mental power

Declension

masculine u-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*krátuš	*krátuH	*krátawas
vocative	*krátaw	*krátuH	*krátawas
accusative	*krátum	*krátuH	*krátunš
instrumental	*krátuH	*krátubʰyaH	*krátubʰiš
ablative	*krátawš	*krátubʰyaH	*krátubʰyas
dative	*krátaway	*krátubʰyaH	*krátubʰyas
genitive	*krátawš	*krátuwaHs	*krátunām?
locative	*krátā(w)?	*krátuwaw	*krátušu

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *krátuṣ
  • Sanskrit: क्रतु (krátu)
• Proto-Iranian: *xrátuš
  • Avestan: 𐬑𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬎 (xratu)
  • Old Median: *xratu
    • → Old Persian: 𐎧𐎼𐎬 (x-r-tu /⁠xratu⁠/)
      • Middle Persian: (/⁠xrad⁠/)

        Manichaean script: 𐫟𐫡𐫅 (xrd)

        Book Pahlavi script: 𐮴𐮹𐯁𐮵 (𐮴𐮹𐯁𐮵)

        • Classical Persian: خرد (xirad)
          • Persian: خرد (xerad)
          • Tajik: хирад (xirad)
        • → Old Armenian: խրատ (xrat)
  • Northern Kurdish: xurt (“strong”), xîret (“wisdom; diligence”)
  • Central Kurdish: خیرەد (xîred, “wisdom”)
  • Parthian: [Term?] (/⁠xard⁠/, “strong, hard”)

• • Old Persian: [Term?] (/⁠xraθu⁠/)