Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/ráwčah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ráwčas.

Noun edit

*ráwčah n^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

light
day

Derived terms edit

*ráwčikah (“of day, daily; sustenance, daily bread”)
*ráwčakah (“of day; fasting”)
*ráwčākah (“lightning; morning star”)
- Northwestern Iranian:
  - Mazanderani: روجا (rūjā, “Venus”)
  - Gilaki: روجا (rujā, “morning star, Venus”)
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Middle Persian: (/⁠rōzāg⁠/, “lightning”)
    Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (lwcʼk')

Descendants edit

Central Iranian:
- Old Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬂 (raocå, nom.acc.pl.), 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬇𐬠𐬍𐬱 (raocə̄bīš, instr.pl.)
  - Younger Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬇𐬠𐬌𐬌𐬋 (raocə̄biiō, dat.abl.pl.), 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬇𐬠𐬍𐬱 (raocə̄bīš, instr.pl.)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian: ρωσο (rōso /⁠rōts⁠/)
  - Proto-Sogdic:
    - Sogdian:
      Manichaean script: 𐫡𐫇𐫝 (rwc)
      
      Sogdian script: 𐽀𐼴𐼿 (rwc)
    - Yagnobi: ruz
- Wakhi: [script needed] (rawǰ)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
  - Ishkashimi: [script needed] (roz), [script needed] (rōz)
  - Sanglechi: [script needed] (rōz)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
  - Proto-Shughni-Roshani:
    - Sarikoli: [script needed] (rūz)
    - Shughni: rūz
- Ormuri-Parachi:
  - Ormuri:
    Kaniguram: [script needed] (ryoz)
    
    Logar: [script needed] (rọ̄ž)
  - Parachi: [script needed] (ruč), [script needed] (rūč)
- Pathan:
  - Pashto:
    Pashto: روځ (rwaź)
    
    Waziri: ورځ (wrǝz)
  - Waneci: [script needed] (wrez)
  - →? Ormuri: [script needed] (wriez), [script needed] (wrioz)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: روچ (rōč)
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: ڕۆژ (roj)
  
  Northern Kurdish: roj, ro
  
  Southern Kurdish: ڕووژ (rûj)
  
  Laki: ڕووژ (rûj)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian:
  - Caspian:
    - Gilaki: روج (rūj), روز (ruz)
    - Old Mazanderani: روج (rōǰ)
      - Mazanderani: روج (ruj), روز (ruz)
  - Sangisari: روژ (ruj)
  - Old Median: *rauǰah
    - Middle Median: *rṓž
      - Kermanic:
        Abuzeydabadi, Abyanehi, Bidhandi, Chimehi, Zoroastrian Dari, Delijani, Farizandi, Hanjani, Jowshaqani, Komjani, Meymehi, Qohrudi, Tarehi, Varani, Yarandi, Zori: rū
        Abuzeydabadi, Badrudi, Kashani, Naraqi: rūj
        Anaraki: rūš
      - Proto-Tatic:
        Talysh:
        Central Talysh:
        Asalemi, Karganrudi: روج (ruj)
        Northern Talysh: rüj
        Southern Talysh:
        Masali: روز (ruz)
        Masulei: روز (roz)
        Old Tati:
        Old Azari: روژ (rōž)
        Harzani: رو (ru)
        Karingani: روژ (rüž)
  - Parthian: 𐫡𐫇𐫝 (rwc /⁠rōž⁠/), 𐫡𐫇𐫊 (rwž)
  - Zaza-Gurani:
    - Gurani: ڕۆ (řō), ڕۆجیار (řōǰyār)
    - Zazaki: roce (řōǰa), roje (řōža), roze (řōza)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Bashkardi:
  Bandari: روز (rüz)
- Southwestern Fars:
  Judeo-Shirazi: [script needed] (rez)
- Larestani: [script needed] (rüz), [script needed] (rozá)
- Old Persian: 𐎼𐎢𐎨𐏃 (r-u-c-h /⁠raučah⁠/)
  - Middle Persian: (/⁠rōz⁠/, “day”)
    Manichaean script: 𐫡𐫇𐫝 (rwc), 𐫡𐫇𐫉 (rwz)
    Book Pahlavi script: 𐮹𐮵𐮿 (YWM)
    Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭩𐭥𐭬 (YWM), 𐭫𐭥𐭰 (lwc)
    Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮈𐮅𐮋 (YWM), 𐮊𐮅𐮍𐮎𐮈 (lwspy /⁠rōsp⁠/)
    - → Sogdian: [Term?] (/⁠rōč⁠/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫡𐫇𐫝 (rwc)
      Syriac script: ܪܘܨ (rwc)
    - Classical Persian: روز (rōz)
      - Dari: روز (rōz)
      - Iranian Persian: روز (ruz)
      - Tajik: рӯз (rüz)
        → Yagnobi: рӯз (rüz)
      - → Hindi: रोज़ (roz)
      - → Urdu: روز (roz)
      - Lurish:
        Bakhtiari: رئس (res), روز (ruz)
        Northern Luri: روز (rūz)
        Southern Luri: روز (rūz)

References edit

^ Efimov, Valentin Aleksandrovič (2011) The Ormuri Language in Past and Present (FLI Language and Culture Series)‎^[1], volume 6, Islamabad: Forum for Language Initiatives, page 6
^ Cheung, Johnny (2011) Selected Pashto Problems II. Historical Phonology 1: On Vocalism and Etyma (Iran and the Caucasus)‎^[2], volume 15, numbers 1-2, Brill Academic Publishers, page 184
^ Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎^[3], Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, page 71
^ Rüdiger, Schmitt (2000) Die iranischen Sprachen in Geschichte und Gegenwart [The Iranian Languages Past and Present] (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, page 104
^ Cantera, Alberto (2017) “The phonology of Iranian”, in Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics, volume 1, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, VI. Iranian, page 3

[1] Efimov, Valentin Aleksandrovič (2011) The Ormuri Language in Past and Present (FLI Language and Culture Series)‎^[1], volume 6, Islamabad: Forum for Language Initiatives, page 6

[2] Cheung, Johnny (2011) Selected Pashto Problems II. Historical Phonology 1: On Vocalism and Etyma (Iran and the Caucasus)‎^[2], volume 15, numbers 1-2, Brill Academic Publishers, page 184

[3] Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎^[3], Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, page 71

[4] Rüdiger, Schmitt (2000) Die iranischen Sprachen in Geschichte und Gegenwart [The Iranian Languages Past and Present] (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, page 104

[5] Cantera, Alberto (2017) “The phonology of Iranian”, in Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics, volume 1, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, VI. Iranian, page 3

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