Reconstruction:Proto-Norse/ᚦᚨᛁᛉ

This Proto-Norse entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Norse

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *þai (“they, those”).

Pronoun

*ᚦᚨᛁᛉ (*þaiʀ) m pl (feminine ᚦᛡᛁᛡᛉ)

1. they, those

Descendants

• Old Norse: þeir, ᚦᛅᛁᛦ (þaiʀ) — early Common Nordic, ᚦᛅᛁᚱ (þair), ᚦᛂᛁᚱ (þeir) — after merger of r and ʀ, occurring by the 800s in West Norse and late 1000s in East Norse, ᚦᛂᚱ (þer), ᚦᛂᛦ (þeʀ), ᚦᛁᚱ (þir), ᚦᛁᛦ (þiʀ) — after East Norse monophthongization, starting in the mid 900s in Denmark, ᚦᛅ (þa), ᚦᛅᛁᛘ (þaim) — Common Nordic, ᚦᛂᛁᛘ (þeim) — after invention of stung runes, ᚦᛂᛘ (þem), ᚦᛁᛘ (þim) — after East Norse monophthongization, ᚦᛅᛁᚱᛅ (þaira), ᚦᛅᛁᛦᛅ (þaiʀa), ᚦᛂᛁᚱᛅ (þeira), ᚦᛂᛁᛦᛅ (þeiʀa), ᚦᛂᚱᛅ (þera), ᚦᛂᛦᛅ (þeʀa), ᚦᛁᚱᛅ (þira), ᚦᛁᛦᛅ (þiʀa)
  • Icelandic: þeir
  • Faroese: teir
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: dei
  • Jamtish: di
  • Elfdalian: dier
  • Old Swedish: þēr, the, þir, thi
    • Swedish: de, (archaic) the, dhe (dialectal) di, da
  • Old Danish: þhe, the
    • Danish: de
    • Norwegian Bokmål: de
  • Old Gutnish: þar
    • Gutnish: dair, di
  • → Middle English: thei, they
    • Scots: they
    • English: they