Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čerda

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)kerdāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerdʰ-.

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian ker̃džius (“shepherd”), sker̃džius (“shepherd”), Old Prussian kērdan (“time (acc. sg.)”).

Indo-European cognates include Proto-Germanic *herdō (“herd”), and possibly Sanskrit शर्ध m (śárdha, “host (of Maruts)”) and Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (sar^əδa, “kind, nature”).

Noun

*čērdà f

1. file, herd

Inflection

Declension of *čērdà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*čērdà	*čẽrdě	*čērdỳ
genitive	*čērdỳ	*čērdù	*čẽrdъ
dative	*čērdě̀	*čērdàma	*čērdàmъ
accusative	*čērdǫ̀	*čẽrdě	*čērdỳ
instrumental	*čērdòjǫ, *čẽrdǫ**	*čērdàma	*čērdàmī
locative	*čērdě̀	*čērdù	*čērdàsъ, *čērdàxъ*
vocative	*čerdo	*čẽrdě	*čērdỳ

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Alternative forms

• *čẽrdъ

Derived terms

• *čērdìti

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: череда (čereda)
    • Belarusian: чарада́ (čaradá)
    • Russian: череда́ (čeredá, “sequence, file, turn (obsolete), herd of cattle (dialectal)”), acc. череду́ (čeredú), че́реду (čéredu) (dialectal)
    • Ukrainian: череда́ (čeredá)
    • → Polish: czereda
    • → Yiddish: טשערעדע (tsherede)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: чрѣда (črěda)

    Glagolitic: [Term?]

    • → Russian: чреда́ (čredá)
  • Bulgarian: черда́ (čerdá, “herd of cattle”)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: чре́да (“turn, sequence”)

    Latin script: čréda

    • Chakavian (Vrgada): črīdȁ (“herd of sheep”) (obsolete)
    • Chakavian (Novi): črēdȁ (“herd of sheep”), acc. črȇdu
  • Slovene: črẹ́da (“herd, flock, row”) (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: čřieda
    • Czech: třída
  • Old Polish: trzoda, czroda, czrzoda, strzeda
    • Polish: trzoda
  • Slovak: črieda (“herd”), trieda (“class”)
  • Slovincian: strzóda (“herd”)
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: črjóda (“multitude”)

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Romanian: cireadă, cârd
  • → Hungarian: csorda
    • → Romanian: ciurdă

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “череда”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čerda”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 60