Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žьdati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Inherited or (at least) based on Proto-Balto-Slavic *géistei, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeydʰ-. Cognate with Lithuanian geĩsti (“to desire”) (ye-present), Old Prussian gēide (“[they] wait”) and related to Latvian gàidît (“to wait”), Proto-West Germanic *gīdisōn (“to be greedy”).

Majer presumes origin ultimatly from a proto-medial voice *gʰidʰ-ó(r) ~ *gʰidʰ-ró(r).^[1]

Verb

*žьdàti impf^[2]^[3]^[4]

to wait
Synonym: *čakati
to await, to expect

Alternative forms

*žьděti (ě/i-conjugation) (in Slovene)

Conjugation

Conjugation of *žьdati, *žьda, *židetь (impf., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*žьdanьje	*žьdati	*žьdatъ	*žьdalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*žьdanъ	*židomъ
Active	*žьdavъ	*židy

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*žьdaxъ	*žьda	*žьda	*židǫ	*žideši	*židetь
Dual	*žьdaxově	*žьdasta	*žьdaste	*židevě	*žideta	*židete
Plural	*žьdaxomъ	*žьdaste	*žьdašę	*židemъ	*židete	*židǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*žьdaaxъ	*žьdaaše	*žьdaaše	—	*židi	*židi
Dual	*žьdaaxově	*žьdaašeta	*žьdaašete	*židěvě	*židěta	—
Plural	*žьdaaxomъ	*žьdaašete	*žьdaaxǫ	*židěmъ	*židěte	—

Iterative stem: *-židati

Derived terms

*dožidati
*ožidati
- *ožidanьje (“expectation”)
*požidati
*peržidati
*jьzžidati, *vyžidati (“to bide one's time”)
*žьdьnъ (“awaited, expected”)

Related terms

*kъžьdo (“everyone, altogether”) (< *kъ (“interrogative particle”) + *-žьdо)
- *kъžьdъ (“each, any”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: жьдати (žĭdati)
  - Old Ruthenian: ждати (ždati)
    - Belarusian: ждаць (ždacʹ)
    - Ukrainian: жда́ти (ždáty)
  - Russian: ждать (ždatʹ)
- Old Pskovian: зьдати (źĭdati)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: жьдати (žĭdati)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⰶⱐⰴⰰⱅⰻ (žĭdati)
- Bulgarian: жда (žda), жъда́ (žǎdá) (dialectal)
- Slovene: ždẹ́ti (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: ždáti
  - Czech: ždát
- Kashubian: żdac
- Old Polish: żdać

References

^ Majer, Marek (2012) “An archaic Indo-European verbal form in the Slavic generalizing particle *-žьdo?”, in The Indo-European Verb. Proceedings of the Conference of the Society for Indo-European Studies, Los Angeles 13-15 September 2010, Wiesbaden: Reichert, pages 225-234
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*žьdàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 565: “v. (c) ‘wait, await’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “žьdati: žьdǫ (židǫ) žьdetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c vente (PR 139)”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “ždẹ́ti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “slovan. *žьda̋ti, sed. *židǫ”

[1] Majer, Marek (2012) “An archaic Indo-European verbal form in the Slavic generalizing particle *-žьdo?”, in The Indo-European Verb. Proceedings of the Conference of the Society for Indo-European Studies, Los Angeles 13-15 September 2010, Wiesbaden: Reichert, pages 225-234

[2] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*žьdàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 565: “v. (c) ‘wait, await’”

[3] Olander, Thomas (2001) “žьdati: žьdǫ (židǫ) žьdetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c vente (PR 139)”

[4] Snoj, Marko (2016) “ždẹ́ti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “slovan. *žьda̋ti, sed. *židǫ”

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