Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

(palatalized form when the infinitive stem ends in velar consonant): *-ťi

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-tei, from the dialectal Proto-Indo-European *-tey, the dative or locative singular of *-tis (as opposed to the regular dative *-tey-ey, with a suffix *-tey- in e-grade and the dative singular ending *-ey).

E.g. Late Proto-Slavic *dàti (“to give”) < Early Proto-Slavic *dā́ˀtei < Proto-Balto-Slavic *dṓˀtei < earlier *deh₃téy < Proto-Indo-European *dh₃téy (and not *deh₃tey-ey), nominative *déh₃tis, from the root *deh₃-.

Suffix

*-ti

The ending of the infinitive. Not productive by itself; new verbs were created with a variety of stem-forming suffixes before the ending.

Descendants

Most of modern languages, except South Slavic, Rusyn, and Ukrainian, use the shortened form *-tь (not just can be inferred from Russian, but also its lengthening effects, as in *dǫti → *dǭtь → Polish dąć.

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: -ти (-ti)
  - Old Ruthenian: -ти (-ti)
    - Belarusian: -ць (-cʹ)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: -ти (-ty)
    - Ukrainian: -ти (-ty), -ть (-tʹ)
  - Russian: -ть (-tʹ)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: -ти (-ti)
  
  Glagolitic script: -ⱅⰹ (-ti)
- Bulgarian: — (infinitive has been lost)
- Macedonian: — (infinitive has been lost)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: -ти
  
  Latin script: -ti
- Slovene: -ti
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: -ti
  - Czech: -t; -ti (dialectal)
- Kashubian: -c
- Old Polish: -ć
  - Polish: -ć
- Slovak: -ť
- Slovincian: -c
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: -ś
  - Upper Sorbian: -ć

References

Ranko Matasović (2008), Poredbenopovijesna gramatika hrvatskog jezika, Matica hrvatska: Zagreb, page 300