Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bergъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-SlavicEdit

EtymologyEdit

Thought to be from Proto-Indo-European *bʰérǵʰos, from the root *bʰerǵʰ-. However, the *g found in Slavic is not the expected outcome of PIE *ǵʰ, which would be *z. Therefore, the word may have been borrowed from another language, such as Germanic or a Venetic-Illyrian language.

NounEdit

*bȇrgъ m^[1]^[2]

hill
Synonyms: *xъlmъ, *gora
slope, cliff?
bank, shore?, coast?
edge
Synonym: *krajь

InflectionEdit

Though it is traditionally reconstructed as a hard o-stem, Pronk-Tiethoff suggests that *bergъ was probably a u-stem instead, noting its accentuation and its reflexes found in Russian, e.g. the “second locative” na beregú and the adjective formation beregovój.

Declension of *bȇrgъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*bȇrgъ	*bȇrga	*bȇrdzi
Accusative	*bȇrgъ	*bȇrga	*bȇrgy
Genitive	*bȇrga	*bergù	*bẽrgъ
Locative	*bȇrdzě	*bergù	*berdzě̃xъ
Dative	*bȇrgu	*bergomà	*bergòmъ
Instrumental	bȇrgъmь, bȇrgomь^*	*bergomà	*bergý
Vocative	*berže	*bȇrga	*bȇrdzi

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Declension of *bȇrgъ (u-stem, accent paradigm c)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*bȇrgъ	*bȇrgy	*bȇrgove
Accusative	*bȇrgъ	*bȇrgy	*bȇrgy
Genitive	*bȇrgu	*bergovù	*bergòvъ
Locative	*bergú	*bergovù	*bȇrgъxъ
Dative	*bȇrgovi	*bergъmà	*bȇrgъmъ
Instrumental	*bȇrgъmь	*bergъmà	*bergъmì
Vocative	*bergu	*bȇrgy	*bȇrgove

Derived termsEdit

*bergatъ
*bergovitъ
*bergovъ
*bergulja / *bergulica (“coastal swallow”)
*bergyni (“coastal fairy, mermaid”)

DescendantsEdit

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: берегъ (beregŭ)
  - Old Ruthenian: бе́регъ (béreh)
    - Belarusian: бе́раг (bjérah)
    - Rusyn: бе́рег (béreh)
    - Ukrainian: бе́ріг (bérih), бе́рег (béreh)
  - Russian: бе́рег (béreg)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic: брѣгъ (brěgŭ)
  
  Glagolitic: ⰱⱃⱑⰳⱏ (brěgŭ)
  - → Old East Slavic: брѣгъ (brěgŭ), брегъ (bregŭ)
    - Russian: брег (breg)
- Bulgarian: бряг (brjag)
- Macedonian: брег (breg)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: брије̑г, бре̑г, бриг
  
  Latin: brijȇg, brȇg, brig
- Slovene: brẹ̑g (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: břěh
  - Czech: břeh
- Kashubian: brzég
- Polabian: brig
- Polish: brzeg, brzég (obsolete or dialectal)
  - → Yiddish: ברעג‎ (breg)
- Slovak: breh
- Slovincian: břė́ǵ
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: brjóh
  - Lower Sorbian: brjog
Non-Slavic:
- → Albanian: breg

ReferencesEdit

^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bȇrgъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 37: “m. o (c) ‘bank’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “bergъ -a”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “d (OSA 139f.; PR 137)”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*bȇrgъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 37: “m. o (c) ‘bank’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001), “bergъ -a”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “d (OSA 139f.; PR 137)”

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