Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dražiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Uncertain. Commonly explained as descending from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreh₂gʰ- (“to stir up”), from which also descend Sanskrit द्राघते (drāghate, “to torment”) and English dreccan (“to torture”) (from Proto-Germanic *drakjaną). Derksen, however, doubts this derivation because of the conflicting intonation within Russian.

An alternative reconstruction is from Proto-Slavic *dra- (“to skin, to tear”) + *-ž- + *-iti, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear”) (cf Proto-Slavic *draskati (“to scratch”) and Proto-Slavic *drāpàti (“to pluck”)).

Verb

*dražiti impf

1. to provoke, annoy
2. to irritate

Inflection

Conjugation of *dražiti, *dráži, *drážitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*dráženьje	*dražiti	*dražitъ	*drážilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*dráženъ	*drážimъ
Active	*drážь	*drážę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*drážixъ	*dráži	*dráži	*drážǫ	*drážiši	*drážitь
Dual	*drážixově	*drážista	*drážiste	*dráživě	*drážita	*drážite
Plural	*drážixomъ	*drážiste	*drážišę	*drážimъ	*drážite	*drážętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*drážaaxъ	*drážaaše	*drážaaše	—	*dráži	*dráži
Dual	*drážaaxově	*drážaašeta	*drážaašete	*dráživě	*drážita	—
Plural	*drážaaxomъ	*drážaašete	*drážaaxǫ	*drážimъ	*drážite	—

Notes:
• (*)*dráživъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Conjugation of *dražiti, *draži, *dražitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*draženьje	*dražiti	*dražitъ	*dražilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*draženъ	*dražimъ
Active	*dražь	*dražę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dražixъ	*draži	*draži	*dražǫ	*dražiši	*dražitь
Dual	*dražixově	*dražista	*dražiste	*draživě	*dražita	*dražite
Plural	*dražixomъ	*dražiste	*dražišę	*dražimъ	*dražite	*dražętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dražaaxъ	*dražaaše	*dražaaše	—	*draži	*draži
Dual	*dražaaxově	*dražaašeta	*dražaašete	*draživě	*dražita	—
Plural	*dražaaxomъ	*dražaašete	*dražaaxǫ	*dražimъ	*dražite	—

Notes:
• (*)*draživъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Derived terms

• *draznь (“irritation”)
  • *drazniti (“to tease, to pester”)
• *dražati (“to irritate”)
• *dręzga (“mutual provocation, squabble”) (semantically influenced by *dražiti)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: раздражи́ть (razdražítʹ)
  • Ukrainian: дратувати (dratuvaty) (possibly?)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: раздражити (razdražiti, “incite”)

    Glagolitic: ⱃⰰⰸⰴⱃⰰⰶⰹⱅⰹ (razdražiti)

  • Bulgarian: дра́жем (drážem) (dialectic)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: дра́жити

    Latin script: drážiti

  • Slovene: drážiti
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: drážiti
    • Czech: dráždit
  • Slovak: drážiť (dialectal)