Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dražiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic edit

Etymology edit

Uncertain. Commonly explained as descending from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreh₂gʰ- (“to stir up”)^[1], from which also descend Sanskrit द्राघते (drāghate, “to torment”) and English dreccan (“to torture”) (from Proto-Germanic *drakjaną). Derksen, however, doubts this derivation^[2] because of the conflicting intonation within Russian.

An alternative reconstruction is from Proto-Slavic *dra- (“to skin, to tear”) + *-ž- + *-iti^[3], ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to tear”) (cf Proto-Slavic *draskati (“to scratch”) and Proto-Slavic *drāpàti (“to pluck”)).

Verb edit

*dražiti impf^[2]^[1]^[3]

to provoke, annoy
to irritate

Inflection edit

Conjugation of *dražiti, *dráži, *drážitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*dráženьje	*dražiti	*dražitъ	*drážilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*dráženъ	*drážimъ
Active	*drážь	*drážę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*drážixъ	*dráži	*dráži	*drážǫ	*drážiši	*drážitь
Dual	*drážixově	*drážista	*drážiste	*dráživě	*drážita	*drážite
Plural	*drážixomъ	*drážiste	*drážišę	*drážimъ	*drážite	*drážętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*drážaaxъ	*drážaaše	*drážaaše	—	*dráži	*dráži
Dual	*drážaaxově	*drážaašeta	*drážaašete	*dráživě	*drážita	—
Plural	*drážaaxomъ	*drážaašete	*drážaaxǫ	*drážimъ	*drážite	—

(*)*dráživъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Conjugation of *dražiti, *draži, *dražitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*draženьje	*dražiti	*dražitъ	*dražilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*draženъ	*dražimъ
Active	*dražь	*dražę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dražixъ	*draži	*draži	*dražǫ	*dražiši	*dražitь
Dual	*dražixově	*dražista	*dražiste	*draživě	*dražita	*dražite
Plural	*dražixomъ	*dražiste	*dražišę	*dražimъ	*dražite	*dražętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dražaaxъ	*dražaaše	*dražaaše	—	*draži	*draži
Dual	*dražaaxově	*dražaašeta	*dražaašete	*draživě	*dražita	—
Plural	*dražaaxomъ	*dražaašete	*dražaaxǫ	*dražimъ	*dražite	—

(*)*draživъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Derived terms edit

*draznь (“irritation”)
- *drazniti (“to tease, to pester”)^[4]^[3]
*dražati (“to irritate”)
*dręzga (“mutual provocation, squabble”) (semantically influenced by *dražiti)

Descendants edit

East Slavic:
- Russian: раздражи́ть (razdražítʹ)
- Ukrainian: дратувати (dratuvaty) (possibly?)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: раздражити (razdražiti, “incite”)
  
  Glagolitic: ⱃⰰⰸⰴⱃⰰⰶⰹⱅⰹ (razdražiti)
- Bulgarian: дра́жем (drážem) (dialectic)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: дра́жити
  
  Latin script: drážiti
- Slovene: drážiti
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: drážiti
  - Czech: dráždit
- Slovak: drážiť (dialectal)

Further reading edit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “-дражи́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*drāžiti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 115
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dražiti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 104
^ Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “дразня”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 419

[Vasmer-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “-дражи́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

[Derksen-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*drāžiti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 115

[ESSJa-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dražiti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 104

[4] Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “дразня”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 419

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