Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grabiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grā́ˀbīˀtei.

• Per Derksen, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrob-éye-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreb-; meanings "to rake" in daughter languages from confusion with the root *gʰrebʰ- (see Proto-Slavic *gretì (“to dig, to rake, to scrape”)). Baltic cognates include Lithuanian gróbti (“to seize”), Latvian grābt (“to seize”). Indo-European cognates include Old Norse grápa (“to seize”). The same confusion appears to have happened elsewhere; compare Sanskrit गृह्णाति (gṛhṇā́ti), गृभ्णाति (gṛbhṇā́ti, “to seize, to hold, to take”). Avestan: grab- ‘to grab, seize, take’, Old Persian: grab- ‘to seize (as possesion), Persian گرفتن (gereftan), پذیرفتن (paziroftan). English grab vs. Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (graban, “to dig”), all of which come from *gʰrebʰ-. Derksen does not derive this verb from *gʰrebʰ- due to Winter's law, which is required to produce the acute *-a- of the Slavic root but would not operate in *gʰrebʰ-.
• Per Vasmer, Chernykh and Trubachev, this verb in fact derives from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrob-éye-ti, from *gʰreb-; see also Proto-Slavic *gretì. Chernykh describes it as the causative of *gretì.
• Per Rix (LIV), probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrobh₂-éye-ti, from *gʰrebh₂-, which allows for Winter's law and also accounts for the Sanskrit -(b)h- (but still doesn't account for the Germanic forms, which are supposed to derive from a different root *gʰrebʰ-).

Verb

*gràbiti impf

1. to grab
2. to seize

Inflection

Conjugation of *grabiti, *grabi, *grabitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*grabľenьje	*grabiti	*grabitъ	*grabilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*grabľenъ	*grabimъ
Active	*grabľь	*grabę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*grabixъ	*grabi	*grabi	*grabľǫ	*grabiši	*grabitь
Dual	*grabixově	*grabista	*grabiste	*grabivě	*grabita	*grabite
Plural	*grabixomъ	*grabiste	*grabišę	*grabimъ	*grabite	*grabętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*grabľaaxъ	*grabľaaše	*grabľaaše	—	*grabi	*grabi
Dual	*grabľaaxově	*grabľaašeta	*grabľaašete	*grabivě	*grabita	—
Plural	*grabľaaxomъ	*grabľaašete	*grabľaaxǫ	*grabimъ	*grabite	—

Notes:
• (*)*grabivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Derived terms

• *grabežь

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: грабити (grabiti)
    • Belarusian: гра́біць (hrábicʹ)
    • Russian: гра́бить (grábitʹ)
    • Ukrainian: грабува́ти (hrabuváty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: грабити (grabiti)

    Glagolitic: [Term?]

  • Bulgarian: гра́бя (grábja)
  • Macedonian: граби (grabi)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: гра̏бити

    Latin script: grȁbiti

  • Slovene: grábiti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: hrabit (dialectal)
  • Polish: grabić
  • Slovincian: grabjic

Further reading

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “гра́бить”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 210
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гра́бить”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*grabiti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 97
• Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*gʰrebh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 201