Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kľuti
(Redirected from Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kluti)
Proto-Slavic
editEtymology
editAn archaic proto-form of *kolti (“to stab”) + *-uti, reflecting Proto-Balto-Slavic *kljautei, from Proto-Indo-European *klewh₂-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to beat, to stab”). Survives only in Bulgarian and Macedonian. Other languages reflect the doublet *kľьvati, with an identical meaning. Cognate with Lithuanian kliū́ti (“to cleave”) and Latvian kļūt (“to become”).
The surviving descendants exhibit depalatalized root vowel, however, the original was most likely with a soft root vowel, i.e. *kľuti.
Verb
edit*kľuti impf (perfective *kľunǫti)[1]
Alternative forms
editInflection
editDepalatalized variant, reflected in Bulgarian and Macedonian:
Conjugation of *kluti, *klьva, *klьvetь (impf., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
---|---|---|---|
*klьvanьje | *kluti | *klutъ | *klьvalъ |
Participles | ||
---|---|---|
Tense | Past | Present |
Passive | *klьvanъ | *klьvomъ |
Active | *klьvavъ | *klьvy |
Aorist | Present | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *klьvaxъ | *klьva | *klьva | *klьvǫ | *klьveši | *klьvetь |
Dual | *klьvaxově | *klьvasta | *klьvaste | *klьvevě | *klьveta | *klьvete |
Plural | *klьvaxomъ | *klьvaste | *klьvašę | *klьvemъ | *klьvete | *klьvǫtь |
Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *klьvaaxъ | *klьvaaše | *klьvaaše | — | *klьvi | *klьvi |
Dual | *klьvaaxově | *klьvaašeta | *klьvaašete | *klьvěvě | *klьvěta | — |
Plural | *klьvaaxomъ | *klьvaašete | *klьvaaxǫ | *klьvěmъ | *klьvěte | — |
Later reanalyzed inflection:
Conjugation of *kľьvati, *kľьva, *kľujetь (impf., -a/V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
---|---|---|---|
*kľьvanьje | *kľьvati | *kľьvatъ | *kľьvalъ |
Participles | ||
---|---|---|
Tense | Past | Present |
Passive | *kľьvanъ | *kľujemъ |
Active | *kľьvavъ | *kľuję |
Aorist | Present | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *kľьvaxъ | *kľьva | *kľьva | *kľujǫ | *kľuješi | *kľujetь |
Dual | *kľьvaxově | *kľьvasta | *kľьvaste | *kľujevě | *kľujeta | *kľujete |
Plural | *kľьvaxomъ | *kľьvaste | *kľьvašę | *kľujemъ | *kľujete | *kľujǫtь |
Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *kľьvaaxъ | *kľьvaaše | *kľьvaaše | — | *kľuji | *kľuji |
Dual | *kľьvaaxově | *kľьvaašeta | *kľьvaašete | *kľujivě | *kľujita | — |
Plural | *kľьvaaxomъ | *kľьvaašete | *kľьvaaxǫ | *kľujimъ | *kľujite | — |
Related terms
edit- *kolti (“to stab, to slaugther”)
- *koltiti (“to shake”)
- *klęti (“to curse”)
- *kolъ (“stake”)
- *kъlъ, *kъlykъ (“fang, tusk”)
Derived terms
editDescendants
editFrom *kluti:
From *kľьvati:
- East Slavic:
- Russian: клева́ть (klevátʹ)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
From *kľuvati:
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Slovene: kljuváti (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
Further reading
edit- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “клевать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*klьvati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 10 (*klepačь – *konь), Moscow: Nauka, page 82
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “кълва”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 189
References
edit- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “kljuti: kljьvǫ kljьvetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “?c (SA 207)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “kljuváti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*kl'ьva̋ti, sed. *kl'ȗjǫ”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “kljьvati: kljujǫ kljujetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[2], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 204, 207, 236; PR 139)”
- ^ Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “klvati”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
- ^ “klovat”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
Categories:
- Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-uti
- Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Slavic lemmas
- Proto-Slavic verbs
- Proto-Slavic imperfective verbs
- sla-conj with extra parameters/n
- Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a/C-
- Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm c
- Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a/V-
- Proto-Slavic ablauting verbs