Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kopъtь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *kwep- ~ *kʷap- (“to steam, to boil, to stink”) + *-ъtь, akin to Lithuanian kvãpas (“aroma”) and possibly Ancient Greek κάπυς (kápus, “fume”), Latin vapor, Sanskrit कपि (kapi, “murky, aromatic”).

Noun

*kopъtь f

1. soot

   Synonym: *saďa

2. steam, fume, smoke (usually thick and dark)

   Synonym: *dymъ

Alternative forms

• *kopъtъ m

Declension

Declension of *kopъtь (i-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kopъtь	*kopъti	*kopъti
genitive	*kopъti	*kopъtьju, *kopъťu*	*kopъtьjь, *kopъti*
dative	*kopъti	*kopъtьma	*kopъtьmъ
accusative	*kopъtь	*kopъti	*kopъti
instrumental	*kopъtьjǫ, *kopъťǫ*	*kopъtьma	*kopъtьmi
locative	*kopъti	*kopъtьju, *kopъťu*	*kopъtьxъ
vocative	*kopъti	*kopъti	*kopъti

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

• *kopъtěti, *kopъtiti (“to darken, to dim”)

Related terms

• *kopněti (“to melt, to yearn for”)
• *kypěti (“to boil up”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: копоть f (kopotĭ)
  • Belarusian: ко́паць f (kópacʹ)
  • Russian: ко́поть f (kópotʹ)
  • Ukrainian: кі́поть m (kípotʹ)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: kopet m
    • Czech: kopt
  • Polish: kopeć m
  • Sorbian:

    Upper Sorbian: kорć m

    Lower Sorbian: kopś m

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “копоть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kopъtъ/*kopъtь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 29
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “коптея, коптя”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 622