fume
English edit
Etymology edit
From Middle English fume, from Old French fum (“smoke, steam, vapour”), from Latin fūmus (“vapour, smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”), from *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”). Doublet of thymus and thymos. More at dun, dusk, dust.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
fume (plural fumes)
- A gas or vapour/vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale.
- Don't stand around in there breathing the fumes while the adhesive cures.
- 1753, Thomas Warton, Ode:
- the fumes of new-shorn hay
- A material that has been vaporized from the solid or liquid state to the gas state and re-coalesced to the solid state.
- Lead fume is a greyish powder, mainly comprising lead sulfate.
- Rage or excitement which deprives the mind of self-control.
- 1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, 6th edition, volumes (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: […] J[ames] Bettenham, for Jonah Bowyer, […], published 1727, →OCLC:
- The Fumes of his Passion do as really intoxicate and confound his judging and discerning Faculty , as the Fumes of Drink discompose and stupify the Brain of a Man over - charged with it.
- 1855 December – 1857 June, Charles Dickens, Little Dorrit, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1857, →OCLC:
- In his execution of this mission, Mr Tinkler perhaps expressed that Mr Dorrit was in a raging fume.
- Anything unsubstantial or airy; idle conceit; vain imagination.
- a. 1627 (date written), Francis [Bacon], “Considerations Touching a VVarre vvith Spaine. […]”, in William Rawley, editor, Certaine Miscellany VVorks of the Right Honourable Francis Lo. Verulam, Viscount S. Alban. […], London: […] I. Hauiland for Humphrey Robinson, […], published 1629, →OCLC:
- a show of fumes and fancies
- The incense of praise; inordinate flattery.
- 1621, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy, […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and Iames Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:
- to smother him with fumes and eulogies
- (obsolete) A passionate person.
Usage notes edit
- In the sense of strong-smelling or dangerous vapor, the noun is typically plural, as in the example.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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Verb edit
fume (third-person singular simple present fumes, present participle fuming, simple past and past participle fumed)
- (transitive) To expose (something) to fumes; specifically, to expose wood, etc., to ammonia in order to produce dark tints.
- (transitive) To apply or offer incense to.
- 1740, John Dyer, “The Ruins of Rome. A Poem.”, in Poems. [...] Viz. I. Grongar Hill. II. The Ruins of Rome. III. The Fleece, in Four Books, London: Printed by John Hughs, for Messrs. R[obert] and J[ames] Dodsley, […], published 1759, →OCLC, pages 42–43:
- Tyrian garbs, / Neptunian Albion's high teſtaceous food [i.e., oysters], / And flavour'd Chian wines with incenſe fum'd / To ſlake Patrician thirſt: for theſe, their rights / In the vile ſtreets they proſtitute to ſale; / Their ancient rights, their dignities, their laws, / Their native glorious freedom.
- (intransitive) To emit fumes.
- 1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:
- where the golden altar fumed
- a. 1686, Earl of Roscommon [i.e., Wentworth Dillon, 4th Earl of Roscommon], Samuel Johnson, “Virgil’s Sixth Eclogue, Silenus”, in The Works of the English Poets. With Prefaces, Biographical and Critical, […], volumes X (The Poems of Rochester, Roscommon, and Yalden), London: […] E. Cox; for C. Bathurst, […], published 1779, page 234, →OCLC:
- Young Chromis and Mnaſylus chanc'd to ſtray / Where (ſleeping in a cave) Silenus lay, / Whoſe conſtant cups fly fuming to his brain, / And always boil in each extended vein; / His truſty flaggon, full of potent juice, / Was hanging by, worn thin with age and uſe; [...]
- (intransitive) To pass off in fumes or vapours.
- 1704, I[saac] N[ewton], “(please specify |book=1 to 3)”, in Opticks: Or, A Treatise of the Reflexions, Refractions, Inflexions and Colours of Light. […], London: […] Sam[uel] Smith, and Benj[amin] Walford, printers to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC:
- whose parts are kept from fuming away, not only by their fixity […]
- (intransitive, figuratively) To express or feel great anger.
- He’s still fuming about the argument they had yesterday.
- 1700, [John] Dryden, “Palamon and Arcite: Or, The Knight’s Tale. In Three Books.”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:
- He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground.
- 1808 February 22, Walter Scott, “(please specify the introduction or canto number, or chapter name)”, in Marmion; a Tale of Flodden Field, Edinburgh: […] J[ames] Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Company, […]; London: William Miller, and John Murray, →OCLC:
- Her mother did fret, and her father did fume.
- (intransitive, figuratively) To be as in a mist; to be dulled and stupefied.
- c. 1606–1607, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:
- Keep his brain fuming.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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Asturian edit
Verb edit
fume
French edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
fume
- inflection of fumer:
Anagrams edit
Galician edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Attested since circa 1300. From Old Galician-Portuguese fumo (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin fūmus, although the final vowel could imply an Old French borrowing. Cognate with Portuguese fumo and Spanish humo.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
fume m (plural fumes)
- smoke
- c. 1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 209:
- coyda que o bafo et fume daquel fogo que ensuzou et [empoçoou] as agoas et aterra daly
- he thinks that the fumes and the smoke of that fire defiled and poisoned the waters and the soil there
- 1348, J. Méndez Pérez & al. (eds.), El monasterio de San Salvador de Chantada, Santiago de Compostela: I. Padre Sarmiento, page 326:
- a vida deste mundo he asy como a sonbra, et quando ome se deleyta en ella he asy como o fumo' que se vay logo
- the life in this world is like the shadow, and when a man delight in it is like the smoke, which soon goes away
- fume
- (figurative, in the plural) haughtiness
Related terms edit
Verb edit
fume
- inflection of fumar:
References edit
- “fume” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “fume” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “fume” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “fume” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “fume” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Latin edit
Noun edit
fūme
Middle English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from Old French fum, from Latin fũmus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós.
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
fume (plural fumes)
- Visible gaseous emanations; fumes or smoke.
- Any sort of vapour or gaseous emanation.
- (physiology) Fumes as the supposed cause of feelings.
- (rare) An airborne scent or odour.
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- “fūme, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-09-03.
Etymology 2 edit
From Old French fumer.
Verb edit
fume
- Alternative form of fumen
Norwegian Nynorsk edit
Verb edit
fume (present tense fumar, past tense fuma, past participle fuma, passive infinitive fumast, present participle fumande, imperative fume/fum)
Portuguese edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
fume
- inflection of fumar:
Spanish edit
Verb edit
fume
- inflection of fumar:
Tarantino edit
Noun edit
fume