Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/volděti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

• *voldati

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *walˀdā́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁dʰh₁-, from *h₂welh₁- (“to rule”). Cognates include Lithuanian valdýti (“to rule, to govern, to wield”) (3sg. val̃do, 3sg. past val̃dė), Latvian vàldît (“to rule, to govern, to wield”), Lithuanian veldė́ti (“to inherit”), Old Prussian walduns, weldūns (“heir”), weldīsnan (“legacy”), Old Lithuanian pavilsti (“to inherit”), pavildė́ti (“to own”), English wield.

Verb

*volděti

1. to rule

Inflection

Conjugation of *volděti, *voldě, *voldějetь (?, -ě-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-ěti

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*volděnьje	*volděti	*voldětъ	*voldělъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*volděnъ	*voldějemъ
Active	*volděvъ	*volděję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*volděxъ	*voldě	*voldě	*voldějǫ	*volděješi	*voldějetь
Dual	*volděxově	*volděsta	*volděste	*voldějevě	*voldějeta	*voldějete
Plural	*volděxomъ	*volděste	*volděšę	*voldějemъ	*voldějete	*voldějǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*volděaxъ	*volděaše	*volděaše	—	*volději	*volději
Dual	*volděaxově	*volděašeta	*volděašete	*voldějivě	*voldějita	—
Plural	*volděaxomъ	*volděašete	*volděaxǫ	*voldějimъ	*voldějite	—

Conjugation of *voldati, *volda, *voldetь (?, -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*voldanьje	*voldati	*voldatъ	*voldalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*voldanъ	*voldomъ
Active	*voldavъ	*voldy

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*voldaxъ	*volda	*volda	*voldǫ	*voldeši	*voldetь
Dual	*voldaxově	*voldasta	*voldaste	*voldevě	*voldeta	*voldete
Plural	*voldaxomъ	*voldaste	*voldašę	*voldemъ	*voldete	*voldǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*voldaaxъ	*voldaaše	*voldaaše	—	*voldi	*voldi
Dual	*voldaaxově	*voldaašeta	*voldaašete	*volděvě	*volděta	—
Plural	*voldaaxomъ	*voldaašete	*voldaaxǫ	*volděmъ	*volděte	—

Conjugation of *voldati, *volda, *voldajetь (?, -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*voldanьje	*voldati	*voldatъ	*voldalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*voldanъ	*voldajemъ
Active	*voldavъ	*voldaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*voldaxъ	*volda	*volda	*voldajǫ	*voldaješi	*voldajetь
Dual	*voldaxově	*voldasta	*voldaste	*voldajevě	*voldajeta	*voldajete
Plural	*voldaxomъ	*voldaste	*voldašę	*voldajemъ	*voldajete	*voldajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*voldaaxъ	*voldaaše	*voldaaše	—	*voldaji	*voldaji
Dual	*voldaaxově	*voldaašeta	*voldaašete	*voldajivě	*voldajita	—
Plural	*voldaaxomъ	*voldaašete	*voldaaxǫ	*voldajimъ	*voldajite	—

Related terms

• *volsti (“to rule”)
• *volstь (“rule”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: володѣти (voloděti)
    • Old Ruthenian: володѣти (voloděti)
      • Ukrainian: володі́ти (volodíty)
    • Russian: володе́ть (volodétʹ) (dialectal)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: владѣти (vladěti), владати (vladati)

    Glagolitic script: [Term?]

    • → Russian: владе́ть (vladétʹ), владѣ́ть (vladě́tʹ)
      • → Kildin Sami: владье (vlad’je)
  • Bulgarian: владе́я (vladéja)
  • Macedonian: владее (vladee)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: вла́дати

    Latin script: vládati

  • Slovene: vládati, ládati (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: ovládat
  • Old Polish: włodać
    • Polish: władać
    • → Belarusian: улада́ць (uladácʹ)
  • Slovak: vládať

References

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “владе́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 156
• Derksen, Rick (2008) “*volděti; *voldati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 524
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “володе́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress