Onomatopoeic . Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *kʰap -, but it is nowadays reconstructed as *keh₂p- and would therefore be a separate onomatopoeia.
Morphologically, could be an intensive form of Proto-Slavic *xopiti ( “ to grab ” ) (with enlonged grade) + *-jeti .
*xāpàti impf (perfective *xapnǫti )[ 1] [ 2]
to seize , to snatch , to snap ( in West, East Slavic; Slovene )
to bite ( in South Slavic )
Synonym: *gryzati
Conjugation of
*xapati, *xapa, *xapľetь (
impf. ,
-a/j- , s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Verbal noun
Infinitive
Supine
L-participle
*xapanьje
*xapati
*xapatъ
*xapalъ
Participles
Tense
Past
Present
Passive
*xapanъ
*xapľemъ
Active
*xapavъ
*xapľę
Aorist
Present
Person
1st
2nd
3rd
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
*xapaxъ
*xapa
*xapa
*xapľǫ
*xapľeši
*xapľetь
Dual
*xapaxově
*xapasta
*xapaste
*xapľevě
*xapľeta
*xapľete
Plural
*xapaxomъ
*xapaste
*xapašę
*xapľemъ
*xapľete
*xapľǫtь
Imperfect
Imperative
Person
1st
2nd
3rd
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
*xapaaxъ
*xapaaše
*xapaaše
—
*xapľi
*xapľi
Dual
*xapaaxově
*xapaašeta
*xapaašete
*xapľivě
*xapľita
—
Plural
*xapaaxomъ
*xapaašete
*xapaaxǫ
*xapľimъ
*xapľite
—
Conjugation of
*xapati, *xapa, *xapajetь (
impf. ,
-a- , s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Verbal noun
Infinitive
Supine
L-participle
*xapanьje
*xapati
*xapatъ
*xapalъ
Participles
Tense
Past
Present
Passive
*xapanъ
*xapajemъ
Active
*xapavъ
*xapaję
Aorist
Present
Person
1st
2nd
3rd
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
*xapaxъ
*xapa
*xapa
*xapajǫ
*xapaješi
*xapajetь
Dual
*xapaxově
*xapasta
*xapaste
*xapajevě
*xapajeta
*xapajete
Plural
*xapaxomъ
*xapaste
*xapašę
*xapajemъ
*xapajete
*xapajǫtь
Imperfect
Imperative
Person
1st
2nd
3rd
1st
2nd
3rd
Singular
*xapaaxъ
*xapaaše
*xapaaše
—
*xapaji
*xapaji
Dual
*xapaaxově
*xapaašeta
*xapaašete
*xapajivě
*xapajita
—
Plural
*xapaaxomъ
*xapaašete
*xapaaxǫ
*xapajimъ
*xapajite
—
East Slavic:
Old East Slavic: хапати ( xapati , “ to seize, to bite, to sting, to trample ” ) ( 11th century; accent paradigm b )
Belarusian: хапа́ць ( xapácʹ , “ to grab ” )
Russian: ха́пать ( xápatʹ , “ to seize, to grab ” )
Ukrainian: хапа́ти ( xapáty , “ to seize, to steal, to grab ” )
South Slavic:
Old Church Slavonic:
Old Cyrillic script: хапати ( xapati , “ to bite ” ) , хапьѭще ( xapĭjǫšte , “ (while) biting ” , nom. masc. pl. pres. act. part. )
Bulgarian: ха́пя ( hápja , “ to bite ” )
Macedonian: апе ( ape , “ to bite ” )
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: апати ( “ to bite, to sting ” ) ( dialectal )
Latin script: apati ( “ to bite, to sting ” ) ( dialectal )
Slovene: hȃpati ( “ to snap, ( reflexive ) to seize ” ) ( tonal orthography )
West Slavic:
Czech: chápat ( “ to grasp, to understand, to seize ” )
Polish: chapać ( “ to seize ” )
Slovak: сháраť ( “ to understand ” )
Slovincian: chapac ( “ to seize ” )
Sorbian:
Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993 ) “ха́пать ”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language ] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур) , Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN , page 333
Trubachyov, Oleg , editor (1981 ), “*xapati ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages ] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga ), Moscow: Nauka, page 18
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973 ) “ха́пать ”, in Oleg Trubachyov , transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language ] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
^ Derksen, Rick (2008 ) “*xāpàti ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN , →ISSN , page 202 : “v. (b) ‘seize’ ”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001 ) “xapati: xapjǫ xapjetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List [1] , Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b gribe (SA 210; PR 137) ”