Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bāla

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*bāla

Declension

Declension of *bāla

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*bāla
Accusative	bālanï, bālag ⁴⁾, *bālanïg ¹⁾
Genitive	*bālanïŋ
Dative	*bālaka
Locative	*bālada
Ablative	*bāladan
Allative	*bālagaru
Instrumental ²⁾	*bālan
Equative ²⁾	*bālača
Similative ²⁾	*bālalayu
Comitative ²⁾	*bālalïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Derived terms

Descendants

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish::
  - Azerbaijani: bala
    - → Khalaj: bala
    - → Talysh: balə
  - Ottoman Turkish: بالا (bala)
    - Turkish: bala (dialectal)
- Salar: bala
- Turkmen: bala
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (bala)
  - Chagatai: بلا (bala)
    - Uzbek: bola
    - Uyghur: بالا (bala)
Kipchak:
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: bala
  - Karachay-Balkar: бала (bala)
  - Kumyk: бала (bala)
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: бала (bala)
  - Tatar: бала (bala)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Kazakh: бала (bala)
    - Karakalpak бала (bala)/bala
    - Nogai бала (bala)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: бала (bala)
    - Southern Altai: бала (bala)
Siberian:
- South Siberian:
  - Western Yugur: mïla
  - Yenisei Turkic:
    - Khakas: пала (pala)
    - Shor: пала (pala)

References

Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*bāla”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill