Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kümüĺ
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic edit
Etymology edit
Likely an ancient Wanderwort believed to have spread from an unknown source to Turkic, Sino-Tibetan and Austroasiatic languages[1].
According to several sources, ultimately of Chinese origin, most likely Early Middle Chinese 金 (kˠiɪm), possibly from an unattested Chinese nominal compound *金鐐 (kˠiɪmleu)[2][3][4].[5] However, this hypothetic compound would yield Proto-Turkic *kemle or *kümlü rather than *kümül, which prompts Antonov and Jacques (2011) to reject this hypothesis [1] and instead connect the word to Proto-Palaungic *kmuul, modern Khmu [script needed] (kmuːl). They also connect it to a large number of cognates in Sino-Tibetan languages, such as Tibetan དངུལ (dngul)[1]. The direction of the borrowing is unclear, as "the etymon for ‘silver’ is not derivable in a straightforward manner from any known verbal or nominal root in either Turkic, Sino-Tibetan or Austroasiatic"[1].
An internal Turkic etymology featuring a nominal derivation from Proto-Turkic *kün (“day, sun”) with a subsequent shift of the intevocalic /n/ to /m/ has been proposed too[6]; compare the semantic extension in Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm (“silver”), derived from *h₂erǵ- (“white; glittering”), although Antonov and Jacques find such a derivation improbable on semantic grounds[1].
Noun edit
*kümüĺ
- silver (metal)
Declension edit
| Singular 3) | |
|---|---|
| Nominative | *kümüĺ |
| Accusative | *kümüĺni, *kümüĺüg 4), *kümüĺnig 1) |
| Genitive | *kümüĺniŋ |
| Dative | *kümüĺke |
| Locative | *kümüĺte |
| Ablative | *kümüĺten |
| Allative | *kümüĺgerü |
| Instrumental 2) | *kümüĺün |
| Equative 2) | *kümüĺče |
| Similative 2) | *kümüĺleyü |
| Comitative 2) | *kümüĺlügü |
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.
Descendants edit
- Oghur:
- Chuvash: кӗмӗл (kĕmĕl)
- Common Turkic:
- Oghuz:
- Karluk:
- Kipchak:
- Siberian:
See also edit
| Minerals in Proto-Turkic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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stone: *tiāĺ |
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iron: *temür |
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silver: *kümüĺ |
_1_(17001285916).jpg) |
gold: *altun |
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copper: *bakïr |
.jpg) |
chalk or earth: *bōr |
_7_(29371452793).jpg) |
coal: *kömür |
_(Billianwala_Salt_Member,_Salt_Range_Formation,_Ediacaran_to_Lower_Cambrian;_Khewra_Salt_Mine,_Salt_Range,_Pakistan)_17.jpg) |
salt: *tūŕ |
 |
lead: *korguĺčïn |
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Antonov, A. & Jacques, G., 2011. Turkic kümüš 'silver' and the lambdaism vs sigmatism debate.
- ^ Joki, Aulis J. 1952. Die Lehnworter des Sajan-Samojedischen. nº 103 Dans Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne. Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seur, page 2010
- ^ Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 308b
- ^ Cincius, V. I. & Bugaeva T. G. 1979. K etimologii nazvanij metallov i ix splavov v altajskix jazykax. Issledovanija v oblasti etimologii altajskix jazykov. Leningrad:Nauka.
- ^ Dybo, A. V. 2007. Lingvističeskije kontakty rannix tjurkov: leksičeskij fond: pratjurkskij period. RAN, Institut jazykoznanija, Moskva
- ^ Rybatzki, Volker 1994. Bemerkungen zur turkischen und mongolischen Metallterminologie. Dans Studia Orientalia. vol. 73, pages 193–251