Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kümüĺ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

edit

Etymology

edit

Likely an ancient Wanderwort believed to have spread from an unknown source to Turkic, Sino-Tibetan and Austroasiatic languages[1].

According to several sources, ultimately of Chinese origin, most likely Early Middle Chinese (kˠiɪm), possibly from an unattested Chinese nominal compound *金鐐 (kˠiɪmleu)[2][3][4].[5] However, this hypothetic compound would yield Proto-Turkic *kemle or *kümlü rather than *kümül, which prompts Antonov and Jacques (2011) to reject this hypothesis [1] and instead connect the word to Proto-Palaungic *kmuul, modern Khmu [script needed] (kmuːl). They also connect it to a large number of cognates in Sino-Tibetan languages, such as Tibetan དངུལ (dngul)[1]. The direction of the borrowing is unclear, as "the etymon for ‘silver’ is not derivable in a straightforward manner from any known verbal or nominal root in either Turkic, Sino-Tibetan or Austroasiatic"[1].

An internal Turkic etymology featuring a nominal derivation from Proto-Turkic *kün (day, sun) with a subsequent shift of the intevocalic /n/ to /m/ has been proposed too[6]; compare the semantic extension in Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥ǵn̥tóm (silver), derived from *h₂erǵ- (white; glittering), although Antonov and Jacques find such a derivation improbable on semantic grounds[1].

Noun

edit

*kümüĺ

  1. silver (metal)

Declension

edit

Descendants

edit
  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: кӗмӗл (kĕmĕl)
  • Common Turkic:

See also

edit
Minerals in Proto-Turkic
 
Stone
stone: *tiāĺ
 
Iron
iron: *temür
 
Silver
silver: *kümüĺ
 
Gold
gold: *altun
 
Strawberry
copper: *bakïr
 
Chalk
chalk or earth: *bōr
 
Coal
coal: *kömür
 
Salt
salt: *tūŕ
 
Lead
lead: *korguĺčïn

References

edit
  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Antonov, A. & Jacques, G., 2011. Turkic kümüš 'silver' and the lambdaism vs sigmatism debate.
  2. ^ Joki, Aulis J. 1952. Die Lehnworter des Sajan-Samojedischen. nº 103 Dans Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne. Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seur, page 2010
  3. ^ Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 308b
  4. ^ Cincius, V. I. & Bugaeva T. G. 1979. K etimologii nazvanij metallov i ix splavov v altajskix jazykax. Issledovanija v oblasti etimologii altajskix jazykov. Leningrad:Nauka.
  5. ^ Dybo, A. V. 2007. Lingvističeskije kontakty rannix tjurkov: leksičeskij fond: pratjurkskij period. RAN, Institut jazykoznanija, Moskva
  6. ^ Rybatzki, Volker 1994. Bemerkungen zur turkischen und mongolischen Metallterminologie. Dans Studia Orientalia. vol. 73, pages 193–251