Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tūč

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

The general consensus is that it is a native term. On the other hand, Doerfer considers it a borrowing from Middle Chinese 銅子 (MC duwng tsiX, “copper coin”),^[1] however note that the form tunč is a recent innovation prompted by vowel length.^[2]

Noun

*tūč

(Common Turkic) a yellowish metal, presumably bronze

Descendants

Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- West Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish:
    - Azerbaijani: tunc
    - Ottoman Turkish: توج, تونج (tunc, tunç), طونج (tunc, tunç)
      - Turkish: tunç
      - → Albanian: tuç, tunxh, tunsh, tuç, trunç, trunxh, truxh (archaic)
      - → Arabic: تُوج (tūj), تُونْج (tunj) (archaic)
      - → Armenian: թուջ (tʻuǰ)
      - → Aromanian: tuciu, tunge, tungiu
      - → Bulgarian: туч (tuč), тунч (tunč) (archaic)
      - → Crimean Tatar: tunç, tuç
      - → Georgian:
      - → Greek: τούντζι (toúntzi), τούντζυ (toúntzy)
      - → Kurdish:
        Northern Kurdish: tûnc, tunc, tûc
      - → Macedonian: туч (tuč) (archaic)
      - → Persian: توج (tuj) (archaic)
      - → Romanian: tuci
      - → Serbo-Croatian: (archaic)
        Cyrillic script: ту̏ч
        Latin script: tȕč
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: تُوجْ (tūč)
  - Chagatai: [script needed] (tuč)
Kipchak: [script needed] (tuč)
Siberian:
- >? Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰆𐰲 (tuč) (If not read artuč)
  - Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tuč)

References

^ Doerfer, Gerhard (1975) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 21)‎^[1] (in German), volume IV, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 2007, pages 276-277
^ Tekin, Talât (1995) Mehmet Ölmez, editor, Türk Dillerinde Birincil Uzun Ünlüler [Primary Long Vowels in Turkic Languages]‎^[2] (in Turkish), 1st edition, Ankara: T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı, →ISBN, page 159

Clauson, Gerard (1972) “tu:ç”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 449
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “tunç”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 499

[1] Doerfer, Gerhard (1975) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 21)‎^[1] (in German), volume IV, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 2007, pages 276-277

[2] Tekin, Talât (1995) Mehmet Ölmez, editor, Türk Dillerinde Birincil Uzun Ünlüler [Primary Long Vowels in Turkic Languages]‎^[2] (in Turkish), 1st edition, Ankara: T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı, →ISBN, page 159

[1]

[2]

Minerals in Proto-Turkic
Stone	stone: *tiāĺ	Iron	iron: *temür	Silver	silver: *kümüĺ
Gold	gold: *altun	Strawberry	copper: *bakïr	Chalk	chalk or earth: *bōr
Coal	coal: *kömür	Salt	salt: *tūŕ	Lead	lead: *korguĺčïn