Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þurban

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *þurbaną.

Verb

*þurban

to need

Inflection

*þarf, *þarft, *þurbun, *þorftā

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

Old English: þurfan
- Middle English: tharen
  - English: thair (dialectal)
  - Scots: thair
Old Saxon: thurvan, thurƀan
- Middle Low German: dürven, dörven, dröven
  - Low German: dörven, dröven, dröffen
Old Dutch: thurvan
- Middle Dutch: dorven
  - Dutch: durven (conflated in meaning with dorren)
    - Afrikaans: durf
    - Javindo: durref
    - Negerhollands: derv, dėfo
    - → Papiamentu: dùrf
  - Limburgish: dörve
Old High German: durfan (f by backformation, this f is generally fortis as if from Germanic *p)
- Middle High German: durfen, dürfen
  - Alemannic German: törfe
  - Central Franconian: dürve, durfe, dearfe
    - Luxembourgish: däerfen, duerfen, dierfen
  - German: dürfen
    - → Ido: darfar
  - Yiddish: דאַרפֿן (darfn)