Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gawiss

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gawissaz.

Adjective

*gawiss

1. certain, sure
2. known

Inflection

a-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*gawiss
Genitive	*gawissas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*gawiss	*gawissu	*gawiss
Accusative	*gawissanā	*gawissā	*gawiss
Genitive	*gawissas	*gawisseʀā	*gawissas
Dative	*gawissumē	*gawisseʀē	*gawissumē
Instrumental	*gawissu	*gawisseʀu	*gawissu
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*gawissē	*gawissō	*gawissu
Accusative	*gawissā	*gawissā	*gawissu
Genitive	*gawisseʀō	*gawisseʀō	*gawisseʀō
Dative	*gawissēm, *gawissum	*gawissēm, *gawissum	*gawissēm, *gawissum
Instrumental	*gawissēm, *gawissum	*gawissēm, *gawissum	*gawissēm, *gawissum

Derived terms

• *gawissō
  • Old Saxon: giwisso
    • Middle Low German: gewisse
  • Old Dutch: gewisso

Descendants

• Old English: ġewiss, ġewis
  • Middle English: ywis, iwis, wis, wiss
    • English: iwis, wis
    • Scots: iwis
• Old Saxon: giwis, giwiss
  • Middle Low German: gewis
    • German Low German: gewiss
      • → Kashubian: gwës
        • ⇒ Kashubian: gwësny
      • → Polish: gweśny (or from German)
• Old Dutch: *giwiss
  • • Middle Dutch: gewis, gewes
      • Dutch: gewis
  • ⇒ Old Dutch: giwis wêsen
• Old High German: giwis
  • Middle High German: gewis; wis
    • German: gewiss
      • → Saterland Frisian: gewis
    • Yiddish: געוויס (gevis)