wis
English edit
Pronunciation edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English wis (“certain, sure”), from an aphetic form of Middle English iwis, ywis (“certain, sure”) (from Old English ġewiss (“certain, sure”)), or of North Germanic origin, akin to Icelandic viss (“certain”). Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *gawissaz. More at iwis.
Adverb edit
wis (comparative more wis, superlative most wis)
- (rare, obsolete or dialectal) Certainly, surely.
- 1884, Charlotte Mary Yonge, The armourer's prentices:
- So I wis would the Dragon under him […]
- (rare, obsolete or dialectal) Really, truly.
- (rare, obsolete or dialectal) Indeed.
- c. 1368-1372, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Book of the Duchess:
- As wis God help me.
Derived terms edit
Adjective edit
wis (comparative more wis, superlative most wis)
- (rare, obsolete or dialectal) Certain.
- (rare, obsolete or dialectal) Sure.
- He was wis on his word.
- I am wis that it will happen.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From an incorrect division, mistaking iwis (“certain”) for I wis (“I know”). See ywis for more information. The German verb wissen may appear similar, but in fact corresponds etymologically to the English verb wit; both of those verbs ultimately descend from the same Proto-Indo-European root as this one.
Verb edit
wis (third-person singular simple present wis, no present participle, no simple past, past participle wist or wissed)
- (obsolete or archaic) To know.
- c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ix]:
- "The fire seven times tried this: / Seven times tried that judgement is, / That did never choose amiss. / Some there be that shadows kiss: / Such have but a shadow's bliss. / There be fools alive, I wis, / Silver'd o'er; and so was this. / I will ever be your head: / So be gone: you are sped."
- (obsolete or archaic) To think, suppose.
- 1850, Robert Browning, “(please specify the page)”, in Christmas-Eve and Easter-Day. A Poem, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC:
- Howe'er you wis.
- (obsolete or archaic) To imagine, ween; to deem.
- 1889, Harriet McEwen Kimball, Poems, "In the Garden":
- And oh, that I should see that star remote / Yet His near Glory miss / Whereto the sun itself and stars do float / As motes, I wis!
- 1797, S[amuel] T[aylor] Coleridge, “Christabel. Part I.”, in Christabel: Kubla Khan, a Vision: The Pains of Sleep, London: […] John Murray, […], by William Bulmer and Co. […], published 1816, →OCLC, page 8:
- As sure as Heaven shall rescue me, / I have no thought what men they be; / Nor do I know how long it is / (For I have lain in fits, I wis) […]
Anagrams edit
Afrikaans edit
Verb edit
wis
Chuukese edit
Noun edit
wis
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Germanic *wissaz, past participle of *witaną. See gewis.
Adjective edit
wis (not comparable)
Inflection edit
Inflection of wis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
uninflected | wis | |||
inflected | wisse | |||
comparative | — | |||
positive | ||||
predicative/adverbial | wis | |||
indefinite | m./f. sing. | wisse | ||
n. sing. | wis | |||
plural | wisse | |||
definite | wisse | |||
partitive | wis |
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle Dutch wisch, from Old Dutch *wisk, from Proto-Germanic *wiskaz (“bundle of straw, hay”).
Noun edit
wis f or m (plural wissen, diminutive wisje n)
Etymology 3 edit
Verb edit
wis
- inflection of wissen:
Gothic edit
Romanization edit
wis
- Romanization of 𐍅𐌹𐍃
Javanese edit
Javanese register set |
---|
ꦏꦮꦶ (kawi): sampun |
ꦏꦿꦩꦲꦶꦁꦒꦶꦭ꧀ (krama inggil): pun |
ꦏꦿꦩꦲꦤ꧀ꦝꦥ꧀ (krama andhap): wis |
Adverb edit
The template Template:jv-adv does not use the parameter(s):j=ꦮꦶꦱ꧀Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
wis
Kabyle edit
Particle edit
wis (feminine tis)
- -th, forms ordinal numerals by preceding a cardinal numeral
Usage notes edit
- The particle agrees in gender with its associated noun. If this noun is feminine, the particle has a feminine form tis.
- The particle may be used before both native Kabyle numerals and Arabic-derived numerals.
- The particle is not used before yiwen (“one”). The adjective amezwaru (“first”) is used instead of such an ordinal.
Old Dutch edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *wīsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see, to know”).
Adjective edit
wīs
Inflection edit
Strong declension | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | neuter | feminine | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
nominative | wīs | wīse | wīs | wīse | wīs | wīsu |
accusative | wīsan | wīse | wīs | wīse | wīsa | wīsu |
genitive | wīsis | wīsro | wīsis | wīsro | wīsro | wīsrō |
dative | wīson | wīson | wīson | wīson | wīsro | wīson |
Weak declension | ||||||
masculine | neuter | feminine | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
nominative | wīso | wīsu | wīsa | wīsu | wīsa | wīsu |
accusative | wīsin | wīsin | wīsa | wīsin | wīsin | wīsin |
genitive | wīsin | wīsno | wīsin | wīsno | wīsin | wīsno |
dative | wīsin | wīson | wīsin | wīson | wīsin | wīson |
Descendants edit
- Middle Dutch: wijs
Further reading edit
- “wīs”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old English edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *wīsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weydstos (“knowledgeable”), an extension of *weyd- (“to see, to know”). Akin to Old High German wīs and Old Norse víss.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
wīs
Declension edit
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | wīs | wīs | wīs |
Accusative | wīsne | wīse | wīs |
Genitive | wīses | wīsre | wīses |
Dative | wīsum | wīsre | wīsum |
Instrumental | wīse | wīsre | wīse |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | wīse | wīsa, wīse | wīs |
Accusative | wīse | wīsa, wīse | wīs |
Genitive | wīsra | wīsra | wīsra |
Dative | wīsum | wīsum | wīsum |
Instrumental | wīsum | wīsum | wīsum |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Old High German edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *wīsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weydstos (“knowledgeable”), an extension of *weyd- (“to see, to know”). Akin to Old English wīs and Old Norse víss.
Adjective edit
wīs
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Old Saxon edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *wīsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weydstos (“knowledgeable”), an extension of *weyd- (“to see, to know”). Akin to Old English wīs, Old High German wīs and Old Norse víss.
Adjective edit
wīs
Declension edit
Strong declension | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gender | masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | wis | wise, wisa | wis | wisa | wis | wis, wisa |
accusative | wisan, wisen | wisa, wise | wisa | wisa | wis | wis, wisa |
genitive | wises, wisas | wisaro, wisoro, wisero | wisara, wisaro | wisaro, wisoro, wisero | wises, wisas | wisaro, wisoro, wisero |
dative | wisumu, wisum, wisun, wisun, wison, wisen, wisan | wisun, wison, wisum | wisaro, wisaru, wisara | wisun, wison | wisumu, wisum, wisun, wisun, wison, wisen, wisan | wisun, wison, wisum |
Weak declension | ||||||
gender | masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | wiso, wisa | wison, wisun | wisa, wise | wison, wisun, wisan | wisa, wise | wison, wisun |
accusative | wison, wisan | wison, wisun | wisun, wison, wisan | wison, wisun, wisan | wisa, wise | wison, wisun |
genitive | wisen, wisan | wisono, wiseno | wisun, wisan, wisen | wisono | wisen, wisan | wisono, wiseno |
dative | wison, wisen, wisan | wison, wisun | wisun, wisan | wison, wisun | wison, wisen, wisan | wison, wisun |
Weak declension | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gender | masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
case | singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural |
nominative | wisoro, wisora | wisoron, wisorun | wisora, wisore | wisoron, wisorun, wisoran | wisora, wisore | wisoron, wisorun |
accusative | wisoron, wisoran | wisoron, wisorun | wisorun, wisoron, wisoran | wisoron, wisorun, wisoran | wisora, wisore | wisoron, wisorun |
genitive | wisoren, wisoran | wisorono, wisoreno | wisorun, wisoran, wisoren | wisorono | wisoren, wisoran | wisorono, wisoreno |
dative | wisoron, wisoren, wisoran | wisoron, wisorun | wisorun, wisoran | wisoron, wisorun | wisoron, wisoren, wisoran | wisoron, wisorun |
Descendants edit
Scots edit
Etymology edit
Compare West Frisian wie.
Verb edit
wis
- simple past tense of be
Usage notes edit
Wis is used with singular pronouns and plural nouns, and wis, war or wir are used with plural pronouns.
See also edit
Tagalog edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
wis (Baybayin spelling ᜏᜒᜐ᜔)
West Frisian edit
Etymology edit
See witte (“to know, be sure”). Related to English wis.
Adjective edit
wis
Inflection edit
Inflection of wis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
uninflected | wis | |||
inflected | wisse | |||
comparative | wisser | |||
positive | comparative | superlative | ||
predicative/adverbial | wis | wisser | it wist it wiste | |
indefinite | c. sing. | wisse | wissere | wiste |
n. sing. | wis | wisser | wiste | |
plural | wisse | wissere | wiste | |
definite | wisse | wissere | wiste | |
partitive | wis | wissers | — |
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “wis (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011