Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kuning

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kuningaz.

Noun

*kuning m

1. king

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*kuning
Genitive	*kuningas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*kuning	*kuningō, *kuningōs
Accusative	*kuning	*kuningā
Genitive	*kuningas	*kuningō
Dative	*kuningē	*kuningum
Instrumental	*kuningu	*kuningum

Derived terms

• *kuningadōm
• *kuningarīkī

Descendants

• Old English: cyning, cyng, cyneg, cynig, cuning, kyning, kining, kuning, cyncg, cyngc, kyningc; kung — Northumbrian
  • Middle English: king, kenin, kening, kinig (in compounds, toponymic); gug, kug (in compounds, influenced by Old Norse (see etymology)); knyng (transmission error); chinge, chinȝ, cing, cining, cinȝ, ging, keing, keng, kingk, kingue, kining, kink, kyng, kynge
    • English: king (see there for further descendants)
    • Scots: keeng, king
    • Yola: kinge, king
  • → English: cyning (learned)
• Old Frisian: kening, kining, kinig, keneng, koning
  • North Frisian: köning, könning, käning
  • Saterland Frisian: Kening
  • West Frisian: kening
• Old Saxon: kuning
  • Middle Low German: könink, könnink, kunig
    • Low German:
      • Dutch Low Saxon: koaning, könning
      • German Low German: Koning, Köning, Keunig
        • Plautdietsch: Kjennich
    • → Latgalian: kieneņš
    • → Latvian: ķēniņš
    • → Saterland Frisian: König, Köänig
    • → West Frisian: keuning
• Old Dutch: kuning, cunig
  • Middle Dutch: cōninc
    • Dutch: koning
      • Afrikaans: koning
      • Negerhollands: koning, kiniṅ
      • → Mohegan-Pequot: kunnung
      • → Sranan Tongo: kownu
        • → Lokono: kónoe
        • → Aukan: konu
        • → Kari'na: konu
    • Limburgish: keuning
• Old High German: kuning, cuning, chuninc, chuning, khuninc
  • Middle High German: künic, künec
    • Alemannic German: Künig, Chüng, Keenig
    • Bavarian: Kine, Kini, Kenig, Kineng
    • Central Franconian: Kinnik, Künning, Künnik
    • Cimbrian: khuuneg
    • German: König
    • Luxembourgish: Kinnek
    • Rhine Franconian:

      Pennsylvania German: Keenich

    • Vilamovian: kyng
    • Yiddish: קיניג (kinig), קעניג (kenig)