Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/stōl

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *stōlaz, from Proto-Indo-European *stoh₂los (“frame, rack, stand”), from *steh₂- (“to stand”).

Noun

*stōl m

1. stool, chair
2. throne

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*stōl
Genitive	*stōlas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*stōl	*stōlō, *stōlōs
Accusative	*stōl	*stōlā
Genitive	*stōlas	*stōlō
Dative	*stōlē	*stōlum
Instrumental	*stōlu	*stōlum

Descendants

• Old English: stōl
  • Middle English: stool
    • English: stool
    • Scots: stuil, stul, stule
• Old Frisian: stōl
  • North Frisian: stuul, stölj, Stuul
  • Saterland Frisian: Stoul
  • West Frisian: stoel
• Old Saxon: stōl
  • Middle Low German: stôl
    • German Low German: Stohl (also Münsterländisch), Stauhl (Paderbornisch), Staul (Sauerländisch)
      • → Lower Sorbian: stoł
    • Plautdietsch: Stool
    • → Estonian: tool
    • → Votic: stooli
• Old Dutch: stuol
  • Middle Dutch: stoel
    • Dutch: stoel
      • Afrikaans: stoel
        • → Southern Ndebele: isitulo
        • → Sotho: setulo
        • → Tsonga: xitulu
        • → Xhosa: isitulo
        • → Zulu: isitulo
      • Jersey Dutch: stûl
      • Negerhollands: stoel, stul, stuel
      • Skepi Creole Dutch: stool
      • → Aukan: sutuu
      • → Fanagalo: stul (possibly via Zulu or from English)
      • → Papiamentu: stul, stoeltsje, stoeltji
      • → Sranan Tongo: sturu
    • Limburgish: stool
• Old High German: stuol
  • Middle High German: stuol
    • German: Stuhl
    • Hunsrik: Stuhl
    • Luxembourgish: Stull
    • Vilamovian: śtül
    • Yiddish: שטול (shtul)