Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/standan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *standaną.

Verb

*standan

to stand

Inflection

Strong class 6
Infinitive	*standan
1st sg. past	*stōnd
3rd pl. past	*stōndun
Past ptcple	*standan
Infinitive	*standan
Genitive infin.	*standannjas
Dative infin.	*standannjē
Instrum. infin.	*standannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*standu	*stōnd
2nd singular	*standiʀi	*stōndī
3rd singular	*standidi	*stōnd
1st plural	*standum	*stōndum
2nd plural	*standid	*stōndud
3rd plural	*standand	*stōndun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*standē	*stōndī
2nd singular	*standēs	*stōndī
3rd singular	*standē	*stōndī
1st plural	*standēm	*stōndīm
2nd plural	*standēþ	*stōndīd
3rd plural	*standēn	*stōndīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*stand
Plural	*standid
	Present	Past
Participle	*standandī	*standan

Derived terms

Descendants

Old English: standan, stondan
- Middle English: standen, stande, stonde, stonden
  - English: stand
    - → Ido: standar
    - → Norman: stanner, sténer
    - Sranan Tongo: tan
  - Scots: stand
  - Yola: sthoane, sthone, sthoan, stoane
Old Frisian: standa, stonda
- North Frisian: stun, stuun, stönje
- Saterland Frisian: stounde
Old Saxon: standan
- Middle Low German: standen, *stenden (attested in imperative stant)
  - ⇒ Middle Low German: *bîstanden, bîstenden
  - ⇒ Middle Low German: entweistanden
  - ⇒ Middle Low German: standinge
  - ⇒ Middle Low German: ümmestanden
  - ⇒ Middle Low German: understanden
  - ⇒ Middle Low German: upstanden
  - ⇒ Middle Low German: vörstenden
  - ⇒ Middle Low German: wedderstanden
Old Dutch: *standan
- Middle Dutch: standen
  - Dutch: standen (archaic or dialectal)
Old High German: stantan, standan
- Middle High German: standen
  - German: standen (dialectal)