West Germanic infinitive suffix

West Germanic infinitive suffix

I noticed that both German -en and Yiddish ־ן (-n) don't have adequate etymologies. Both should go to Old High German and back to Proto-Germanic, but looking the more complete etymology at Middle Dutch -en only confused me, because these infinitive terminations are used for every kind of stem. Can you clarify the etymological history here?

--Μετάknowledgediscuss/deeds03:57, 6 October 2012

The Middle Dutch etymology really says all that can be said as far as I can see. The infinitive suffix -en in German doesn't have a single definitive etymology. Originally, the infinitive suffix was just -ną in Proto-Germanic. Various vowels would appear before that suffix depending on the type of verb, giving -aną (strong verbs), -janą (class 1 weak verbs), -ōną (class 2 weak verbs), -āną (class 3 weak denominatives), -janą (class 3 weak statives), -naną (class 4 weak). Most of them were still distinct in OHG: -an, -(i)en, -on, -en, -non respectively. But because unstressed vowels became schwa in the transition to MHG, all of the suffixes fell together into a single common -en and were no longer distinguished. So the answer to "what is the origin of the German infinitive suffix -en" is "all of them!".

CodeCat11:25, 6 October 2012

!אוי וויי Do PG appendix pages exist for all those suffixes? And was the merger complete (I guess as -en) in MHG?

--Μετάknowledgediscuss/deeds14:12, 6 October 2012

It was probably mostly complete. It's possible that -jan was still distinct after -r-, as it was in OHG. Look at swerien or werien. I think we do have appendix pages for them: *-anan, *-janan, *-ānan, *-nanan. The original suffix -ną wasn't productive anymore and only occurred in a few single-syllable relic verbs.

CodeCat14:25, 6 October 2012

OK, I'll add the etymologies thus. Do check me to make sure I've got 'em right.

--Μετάknowledgediscuss/deeds14:39, 6 October 2012